✦ ❖ ✦ D A A T · L E V E L 3 — S Y N T H E S I S / R E V I E W ✦ ❖ ✦
Siman 102 — Something That Has a Way to Become Permitted (Davar Sheyesh Lo Matirin) Is Not Nullified
דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מַתִּירִין אֵינוֹ בָּטֵל
Not nullified even in a thousand (אפילו באלף) and even in a case of doubt, מין במינו only, the 2 conditions of the matir (ודאי שיבוא / בידו בלא הפסד), the utensil בטל ברוב, and the limits of seif 4 (בעין vs טעם, אין איסורו מחמת עצמו, נדר, חמץ בפסח, המבשל בשבת)
Structured review, master grid, fast memorization
Source: Shulchan Aroukh, Yoreh De'ah ק״ב — 4 seifim
Nossei kelim: ש״ך (Shach) · ט״ז (Taz) · פר״מ (Pri Megadim) · פתחי תשובה (Pithei Teshuva)
Compiled by: הרב יוסף חיים סממה · DAAT
For students who have mastered Levels 1 and 2
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📑 Outline of the synthesis
- The axiom: the דשיל"מ is not nullified, even באלף, even בספק
- The 3 reflex questions: same kind · is the matir assured · is it בעין
- The master grid: מין במינו, שלא במינו and the matir
- The 5 golden rules
- Mnemonic — the "MATIR" memory aid
- The 4 classic pitfalls
- Recap of the 4 seifim — one line each
- Final flashcard
1. The axiom: the דשיל"מ is not nullified, even באלף, even בספק
The starting point:
Siman 102 states a principle that overturns the ordinary rule of nullification: a דבר שיש לו מתירין ("something that has a way to become permitted") — for example an egg laid on Yom Tov (ביצה שנולדה ביום טוב), which will in any case be permitted the next day — mixed with others, whether whole or beaten, is not nullified even in a thousand ("אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּאֶלֶף"). The reason (Taz s.k. 1): from the Torah חד בתרי בטל (אחרי רבים להטות); this is a חומרא דרבנן — "as long as you can eat it permitted later, do not eat it forbidden by nullification."
| Comparison | Ordinary prohibition | Davar sheyesh lo matirin |
|---|
| Nullified in the majority / 60 | Yes (חד בתרי בטל / בס׳) | No — even באלף (mixed in its own kind) |
| In a case of doubt (ספק) | Often permitted (ספק דרבנן לקולא) | Forbidden even בספק (Taz s.k. 3) |
| Source of the stringency | The חשיבות of the prohibition itself | The existence of a future היתר |
💡 The marker: this siman is not about a quantity but about a perspective: since the prohibition will become permitted anyway without recourse to nullification, the Sages refuse to nullify it now. More stringent than a בריה or a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד: there even a ספק (even ספק דרבנן) remains forbidden, because the driver is not the חשיבות but the future היתר (Taz s.k. 3).
2. The 3 reflex questions
■ SAME KIND? (מין במינו / שלא במינו) — the דשיל"מ stays forbidden only in its own kind (מין במינו). Mixed into a different kind (שאינה מינה) → it is nullified in 60 (Shach s.k. 4). What is put in to improve the pot (לתקן הקדרה) or to color the dish counts as מין במינו (seif 1, Rama).
↓ we look at the matir
■ IS THE MATIR ASSURED? (ודאי שיבוא / בידו בלא הפסד) — the means to permit must come for certain or be in one's power, without loss. Otherwise it is not דשיל"מ: an egg of a doubtful-טריפה (ספק טריפה) is nullified, since its matir is neither certain nor in one's power (seif 2).
↓ we look at the substance
■ IS IT IN SUBSTANCE? (בעין vs טעם) — only a prohibition בעין (or where ממשות remains) is not nullified; a mere absorbed taste (טעם) is nullified. Likewise a prohibition that is not by itself (אין איסורו מחמת עצמו) is nullified (seif 4, Rama).
⚖ Why a utensil is not a דשיל"מ (seif 3)
A utensil (כלי) made forbidden by absorption, mixed with others and not recognizable, is nullified in the majority (בטל ברוב) and is not judged a דשיל"מ — because one must incur an expense to kasher it (להגעילו) (Rashba). The matir "הגעלה" involves a loss; it therefore does not fall under the "בידו בלא הפסד" condition of seif 2.
3. The master grid: מין במינו, שלא במינו and the matir
An absolute must to memorize. Basis: Mehaber seifim 1-4, read with the Rama, the Taz (s.k. 1-13) and the Shach (s.k. 2-15).
| Situation | Decisive criterion | Result |
|---|
| Yom Tov egg mixed in its own kind (מין במינו) |
דשיל"מ — the matir will come (tomorrow) |
🔴 Not nullified, even באלף |
| Doubt whether laid on Yom Tov, mixed in its kind |
ספק in a דשיל"מ |
🔴 Forbidden (even in a case of doubt) |
| Mixed into a different kind (שאינה מינה) |
שלא במינו |
🟢 Nullified in 60 |
| Put in to improve the pot / color the dish (לתקן הקדרה) |
Counted as מין במינו (Rama) |
🔴 Not nullified (cf. Orah Haïm 513) |
| Egg of a doubtful-טריפה (ספק טריפה) mixed |
Matir neither certain nor in one's power |
🟢 Nullified (not דשיל"מ — seif 2) |
| Utensil forbidden by absorption, not recognized |
הגעלה = expense (not בלא הפסד) |
🟢 בטל ברוב (not דשיל"מ — seif 3) |
| Mere absorbed taste (טעם), no ממשות |
בעין vs טעם (Rama) |
🟢 The taste is nullified |
| Prohibition not by itself (אין איסורו מחמת עצמו) |
E.g. piece unsalted 3 days (absorbed blood) |
🟢 Nullified (seif 4, Rama) |
📌 Key reading: for a דשיל"מ, first ask is it מין במינו (otherwise it is nullified in 60). Then is the matir assured (otherwise it is not a דשיל"מ). And finally is it בעין — a mere taste, or a prohibition not מחמת עצמו, or a utensil (cost of הגעלה), is nullified.
4. The 5 golden rules
- "אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּאֶלֶף". A דשיל"מ in its own kind is not nullified, even in a thousand — and even in a case of doubt it is forbidden (Mehaber seif 1; Taz s.k. 3).
- מין במינו only. Mixed into a different kind → nullified in 60; what is put in לתקן הקדרה counts as מין במינו (Mehaber + Rama seif 1; Shach s.k. 4).
- The matir must be assured. ודאי שיבוא, or בידו לעשותו בלא הפסד; otherwise (e.g. ספק טריפה) it is not a דשיל"מ and it is nullified (Mehaber seif 2).
- The utensil is not a דשיל"מ. Forbidden by absorption and not recognized → בטל ברוב, since kashering (הגעלה) costs an expense (Mehaber seif 3; Rashba).
- Only a prohibition בעין resists. An absorbed taste (טעם), a prohibition not מחמת עצמו, or one not recognizable before the mixture → is nullified, even if it is a דשיל"מ (Rama seif 4).
5. Mnemonic — the "MATIR" memory aid
"M-A-T-I-R" — after the מתיר of the siman's title
- Min be-mino: stays forbidden only in its own kind — שלא במינו is nullified in 60.
- Aleph: even באלף (and even בספק) it is not nullified in its kind.
- Tiqqun ha-qedera: what is put in to improve the pot = מין במינו, not nullified.
- It must be assured: the matir ודאי שיבוא or בידו בלא הפסד (otherwise, nullified).
- Real (בעין): only a prohibition in substance resists; a mere טעם is nullified.
The ladder of seif 4 — where the דשיל"מ does not apply
- טעם בלא ממשות → the taste is nullified (Rama)
- אין איסורו מחמת עצמו (unsalted piece, absorbed blood) → nullified
- נדר → דשיל"מ, but לדידיה only (he can have it annulled)
- חמץ בפסח → מחלוקת (no / Rambam: yes)
- המבשל בשבת (forbidden to him forever) → ≠ דשיל"מ
6. The 4 classic pitfalls
❌ Pitfall 1 — Thinking every דשיל"מ is never nullified: it stays forbidden only מין במינו. Mixed into a different kind, it is nullified in 60 like an ordinary prohibition (seif 1). The reason (Shach s.k. 4): the "חשיבות" does not come from the prohibition itself but from the future היתר; שלא במינו, the היתר "does not bear the name" of the prohibition.
❌ Pitfall 2 — Forgetting the conditions of the matir: it is a דשיל"מ only if the matir will come for certain (ודאי שיבוא) or is in one's power without loss (בידו בלא הפסד). An egg of a ספק טריפה that gets mixed is nullified, since its matir is neither certain nor in one's power (seif 2). Do not apply the stringency of seif 1 without first checking this condition.
❌ Pitfall 3 — Treating the utensil as a דשיל"מ: a utensil forbidden by absorption, not recognizable in the mixture, is nullified in the majority (בטל ברוב) — it is not a דשיל"מ, because the kashering (הגעלה) involves an expense (seif 3, Rashba). The "possibility" of permitting it is not "בלא הפסד".
❌ Pitfall 4 — Extending the דשיל"מ to everything (seif 4): it holds only for a prohibition בעין (or with ממשות); a mere taste (טעם) is nullified. Likewise: a prohibition אין איסורו מחמת עצמו (a piece unsalted 3 days, forbidden only by the דם הבלוע) is nullified; a prohibition not recognizable before the mixture is nullified; a נדר is a דשיל"מ but לדידיה only; חמץ בפסח is מחלוקת (Rambam: דשיל"מ); and one who cooks on Shabbat (המבשל בשבת) — forbidden to him forever — is not a דשיל"מ.
For the halacha le-ma'aseh, consult your Rav.
7. Recap of the 4 seifim — one line each
| Seif | Topic | The essential |
|---|
| 1 | Not nullified even in a thousand; שלא במינו | A דשיל"מ (Yom Tov egg, permitted tomorrow) mixed with others, whole or beaten → not nullified even באלף; even in doubt → forbidden. But a different kind (שאינה מינה) → nullified in 60. Rama: what is used לתקן הקדרה (a fowl stuffed with egg) = מין במינו, not nullified (Orah Haïm 513). |
| 2 | The conditions of the matir | Davar sheyesh lo matirin was said only if the matir comes in any case (עתיד לבוא על כל פנים) or is בידו לעשותו בלא הפסד; what is neither in one's power nor certain → not דשיל"מ. Therefore an egg of a ספק טריפה that gets mixed is not דשיל"מ and is nullified. |
| 3 | The utensil is not a דשיל"מ | A utensil forbidden by absorption, mixed and not recognized → בטל ברוב; we do not judge it a דשיל"מ, because one must incur an expense to kasher it (להגעילו), and anything similar. |
| 4 | Where the דשיל"מ does not apply (Rama) | Yesh mi she'omer: no דשיל"מ where the dish spoils (מתקלקל). Rama: only a prohibition בעין / with ממשות is not nullified — the טעם is nullified; אין איסורו מחמת עצמו (unsalted piece, absorbed blood) is nullified; not recognizable before the mixture is nullified; נדר = דשיל"מ but לדידיה; חמץ בפסח = מחלוקת (and some dispute, Rambam); and it must become permitted לדידיה — המבשל בשבת (forbidden to him forever) ≠ דשיל"מ. |
8. Final flashcard
| Question | Reflex answer | Source |
|---|
| Yom Tov egg mixed in its own kind? | Not nullified, even באלף; even בספק → forbidden | Mehaber seif 1; Taz s.k. 3 |
| Mixed into a different kind? | Nullified in 60 (שלא במינו) | Mehaber seif 1; Shach s.k. 4 |
| Put in to improve the pot (לתקן הקדרה)? | Counted מין במינו → not nullified | Rama seif 1; Taz s.k. 6 |
| Is the matir assured? | ודאי שיבוא or בידו בלא הפסד; ספק טריפה is nullified | Mehaber seif 2 |
| Utensil forbidden by absorption, not recognized? | בטל ברוב (the הגעלה costs an expense) | Mehaber seif 3; Rashba |
| Mere absorbed taste (טעם)? | Nullified (only the בעין resists) | Rama seif 4; Taz s.k. 9 |
| אין איסורו מחמת עצמו (unsalted piece)? | Nullified (forbidden by the absorbed blood) | Rama seif 4; Taz s.k. 10 |
| נדר? חמץ בפסח? המבשל בשבת? | נדר = דשיל"מ לדידיה; חמץ = מחלוקת; cooked on Shabbat ≠ דשיל"מ | Rama seif 4; Taz s.k. 12-13 |
⚖ The reflex in 3 questions
- Same kind? מין במינו → not nullified (even באלף, even בספק); שלא במינו → nullified in 60.
- Is the matir assured? ודאי שיבוא or בידו בלא הפסד; otherwise (ספק טריפה, utensil needing הגעלה) → nullified.
- Is it בעין? Only a prohibition in substance resists; a taste (טעם), a prohibition not מחמת עצמו, or one not recognizable → is nullified.
For the halacha le-ma'aseh, consult your Rav.
🎓 Recap of the study path
| Level | Content | Acquired |
|---|
| 🌱 Level 1 — Base |
Text of the 4 seifim, translation, clear tables |
Overall understanding |
| ⚡ Level 2 — Lamdan |
Yesod of the דשיל"מ (חומרא דרבנן over חד בתרי בטל), why מין במינו alone, the conditions of the matir, the debate טעם / מחמת עצמו (Shach against the Rama) |
In-depth study |
| ✨ Level 3 — Synthesis |
Master grid, golden rules, mnemonic, pitfalls, recap of the seifim |
Practical mastery + review |
💡 Suggested next steps:
- Re-read Siman ק״ב in the original Choulhan Aroukh (Hebrew) with the Shach and the Taz
- Study the adjacent Simanim: 86 (egg / ביצים), 98 (טעם כעיקר and the measure of 60), 101 (בריה and חתיכה הראויה להתכבד), 103 (טעם and the taste of a prohibition), 109-110 (mixtures, ביטול ברוב, ספק ספיקא), 122 (utensils and הגעלה)
- See Orah Haïm 513 (the egg laid on Yom Tov) — the source of the siman's pilot case
- Delve into Beitza 3b-4a (the machloket on the Yom Tov egg) and the yesod "חד בתרי בטל מדאורייתא"
- Discuss personal cases with a Rav (mixtures, utensils to kasher) — the halacha le-ma'aseh is decided with a Rav
📖 Sources of this siman on Sefaria:
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
DAAT · הרב יוסף חיים סממה
תלמיד חכם · מעביר שיעורים בהלכה ובחסידות
סימן ק״ב · Level 3 — Synthesis / Review · דין דבר שיש לו מתירין
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