Siman 106 — How One Nullifies in Sixty: Proportional Reckoning (Lefi Cheshbon) and a Piece That Absorbed Issur — Practical psika
סימן ק״ו · הלכה למעשה
דִּין הֵיאַךְ מְבַטְּלִין בְּשִׁשִּׁים
פסק המחבר והרמ״א · הכרעת נושאי הכלים · פסיקת הספרדים והאשכנזים בזמננו
⚖️ פסק הלכה ולמעשה ⚖️
✦ ❖ ✦
Halakha le-ma'asse — the practical psika
From the ruling of the Mehaber and the Rama, to the arbitration of the Shach, the Taz, the Pri Megadim
and the Pitchei Teshuva, all the way to the contemporary Sephardic and Ashkenazi poskim
Subject:
שולחן ערוך יורה דעה סימן ק״ו (ב׳ סעיפים)
עם נושאי הכלים: ש״ך, ט״ז, פרי מגדים, פתחי תשובה
⚠ Level disclaimer:
This level is not "Da'at HaRav": the Shulchan Aruch HaRav
(the Admur HaZaken) does not cover Yoreh De'ah, hence not Siman 106.
It is a level of practical psika: what one does, and whom to ask.
Writing and iyun:
הרב יוסף חיים סממה · DAAT
How to read this level. Every statement is anchored either in the text of the Shulchan Aruch and its nossei kelim (Shach, Taz, Pri Megadim, Pitchei Teshuva), or in a named responsum of the contemporary poskim. On Yoreh De'ah there is neither a Mishnah Berurah (which comments only on Orach Chaim), nor a Shulchan Aruch HaRav / Da'at HaRav (the Admur HaZaken did not write the YD). Every concrete application (le-ma'asse) concludes with the referral to your Rav: real cases blend factual details (exact proportions, fat or lean meat, prohibition stuck or not, recognized or not, liquid or solid) that only a posek who sees your situation can decide.
📑 תוכן העניינים
שורש הסימן — היאך מבטלין בששים, לפי חשבון (סעיף א')
Proportional reckoning (לפי חשבון). A piece that has absorbed a prohibition without having 60 to nullify it, and which falls into a pot: it forbids only in proportion to the prohibition it contains. If what is in the pot, joined to the piece itself, totals 60 against the absorbed prohibition within it → what is in the pot is permitted.
But the piece itself is forbidden, because the prohibition that is in it does not come out of it completely (אפשר לסוחטו אסור).
— Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah 106:1 · talmudic basis: the sugya of the כחל (Chullin 100) · Sefaria YD 106:1
1. שורש הסימן — how one nullifies in sixty
The foundation. The title of the siman announces it: דין היאך מבטלין בששים — "the law: how one nullifies in sixty." The paradigm case is not the prohibition that falls directly into the pot, but the piece that has already absorbed a prohibition (חתיכה שבלעה איסור) without having had 60 against it, and which then falls into a pot. The question: what does one count in the 60 — the absorbed prohibition alone, or the whole piece?
Two seats of prohibition (seif 1). One must distinguish two objects: (a) what is in the pot (the broth, the other pieces) — it may be permitted if one has 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone; (b) the piece itself that absorbed the prohibition — it remains forbidden, because what it absorbed "does not come out of it completely." This is the root of the whole siman: one and the same piece may forbid "proportionally" the rest, while itself remaining forbidden.
Why "proportionally" and not "the whole piece"
According to the Mehaber (who follows the din), a piece that only absorbed a prohibition — without being forbidden in itself — has not become a "forbidden body": it therefore forbids only in proportion to the absorbed prohibition (לפי חשבון), and the piece joins the count of the 60. This is exactly the point that the Rama will contest for our practice, in the name of חתיכה נעשית נבילה (cf. siman צ״ב).
2. פסק המחבר והרמ״א — the map of the siman
Siman 106 contains 2 seifim. The Mehaber lays down the principle of proportional reckoning (seif 1) and the practical conduct of removing a piece (seif 2); the Rama (הגה) glosses each of the two seifim in the name of our custom of חתיכה נעשית נבילה in all prohibitions. Here is the overall map, as it emerges from the text itself.
Seif
Subject
Psak (anchored in the text)
1
לפי חשבון ; the piece remains forbidden ; liquid / solid
A piece that absorbed a prohibition without 60, fallen into a pot: it forbids only in proportion to the absorbed prohibition ; 60 against the absorbed prohibition (the piece joining the count) → the rest of the pot is permitted ; but the piece itself remains forbidden (אפשר לסוחטו אסור). Difference with נבלל ונימוח (a liquid that dissolves): blood into permitted juice, then the permitted increases until 60 → everything permitted. Rama: according to our custom חנ״נ in all prohibitions, no difference liquid/solid, except that if the forbidden item is solid (יבש) and there is 60 → one removes it if one recognizes it ; not recognized → nullified unless it is a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד. See simanim 92 and 99.
2
removing a piece from a pot (practical conduct)
A piece containing חלב, cooked in a pot that has 60 against the חלב: remove nothing from the pot while the forbidden piece is in it (it might remain last without 60) ; do not take it out first either (the חלב in it would forbid it). Remedy: leave it until the pot cools. Rama: according to חתיכה נעשית נבילה, one removes the forbidden piece and the rest is permitted.
כלל הפסק של הסימן :
חתיכה שבלעה איסור ואין בה ס׳, ונפלה לקדרה — אינה אוסרת אלא לפי חשבון איסור שבה, והחתיכה עצמה אסורה (אפשר לסוחטו אסור). וכל זה לשיטת המחבר ; אבל למנהגנו שחתיכה נעשית נבילה בכל האיסורים — צריך ס׳ כנגד כל החתיכה, ומסירין את החתיכה האסורה והשאר מותר.
3. לפי חשבון איסור שבה — proportional reckoning
חתיכה שבלעה איסור ואין בה ששים לבטלו, שנפלה לקדרה — אינה אוסרת אלא לפי חשבון איסור שבה. שאם יש במה שבקדרה, מצורף עם החתיכה עצמה, ששים כנגד איסור הבלוע בה — מותר מה שבקדרה.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ו:א
The Mehaber (Shach s.k. 1). The piece was not forbidden "in itself": it only absorbed a prohibition (without having had 60). Therefore, when it falls into a pot, it forbids only in proportion to the prohibition it contains — one counts 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone, and not against the whole piece. The Shach (s.k. 1) emphasizes that this is the position of the Mehaber (no חנ״נ in other prohibitions), but that for us the count is different (referral YD 99:3,5).
The piece joins the count (מצורף עם החתיכה עצמה). The text specifies a major practical point: against the absorbed prohibition, one adds up everything in the pot plus the body of the piece itself. The permitted mass of the piece thus helps reach the 60 against the small quantity of prohibition it absorbed. If one succeeds → what is in the pot is permitted.
Le-ma'asse (לפי חשבון). In the path of the Mehaber, one evaluates the 60 only against the small quantity of absorbed prohibition (and the piece joins the count) — not against the whole piece. But the exact calculation (what the absorbed quantity is, what counts in the pot) depends on the case, and our custom differs (§5). For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
4. אפשר לסוחטו אסור — the piece itself remains forbidden
אבל החתיכה עצמה אסורה, לפי שאיסור שבה אינו נפלט ממנה לגמרי.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ו:א
"What one could press out of it is forbidden" (Shach s.k. 2). Even when the rest of the pot is permitted, the piece itself remains forbidden: the prohibition it absorbed never comes out of it entirely. This is the principle אפשר לסוחטו אסור — "what one could press out of it is forbidden." The Shach (s.k. 2) notes that the piece always remains forbidden, even according to Rabbenu Ephraim ; and for us (חנ״נ) it is a fortiori the case.
The reading of the Taz (s.k. 1) — אפשר לסוחטו only in bassar be-halav
The Taz (s.k. 1, lengthy) ties the question to the sugya of the כחל (the udder, Chullin 100), "נפלה לקדירה אחרת." He posits that אפשר לסוחטו אסור holds only for bassar be-halav [cf. siman צ״ב], for כל דתיקון רבנן כעין דאורייתא ; in other prohibitions, where אפשר לסוחטו is מותר, even the piece would be permitted. The Rashba, for his part, fears that not all the prohibition came out at the first cooking — without difference bb"h / others → the piece remains forbidden.
Le-ma'asse (the forbidden piece). Retain that the piece that absorbed the prohibition remains, in principle, forbidden — אפשר לסוחטו אסור — even when the broth is permitted. Depending on whether one is speaking of bassar be-halav or another prohibition, and depending on the schools, this piece may be treated differently. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
5. חתיכה נעשית נבילה — the central Sephardic / Ashkenazi divergence
Mehaber (Sephardic) vs Rama (Ashkenazi) — the machloket of psak of the siman
Mehaber (Sephardic): חנ״נ applies only in bassar be-halav. In other prohibitions, the piece that only absorbed forbids only proportionally (לפי חשבון), and it is itself forbidden only by אפשר לסוחטו — so one counts 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone, the piece joining the count.
Rama / Ashkenazi custom:חתיכה נעשית נבילה in all prohibitions (Shach s.k. 1-2, 5-6). The whole piece becomes נבילה → one needs 60 against the whole piece (where the prohibition is stuck), and no longer only against the absorbed prohibition. Explicit referral to siman צ״ב.
Liquid / solid (Shach s.k. 3-4): the Shach applies חנ״נ also in לח בלח when there is no הפסד גדול (cf. Rama 92:4) ; in case of הפסד גדול or of a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד, the analysis is refined (§6).
Conditions (Shach s.k. 5-6): for us, 60 against the whole piece where the חלב is stuck ; the piece remains forbidden. Conditions of prior salting, חלב דרבנן / בהמה כחושה — details that weigh le-ma'asse.
הכרעה. The practical divergence of siman 106 is exactly that of חנ״נ: for the Sephardi (Mehaber), in prohibitions other than bassar be-halav, one reasons in לפי חשבון (60 against the absorbed prohibition), and the piece is forbidden only by אפשר לסוחטו. For the Ashkenazi (Rama), the piece has become נבילה in all prohibitions → one counts 60 against the whole piece, and one removes it. This is the key to the entire seif 1.
Referral to siman צ״ב (chatikha naasit nevila). Siman 106 presupposes the debate developed in siman צ״ב: there, the Rama rules that the custom applies חנ״נ to every issur ("ואין לזוז"). Here, seif 1 draws the direct consequence on the reckoning of the 60: according to the Mehaber, 60 against the absorbed prohibition ; according to the Rama, 60 against the whole piece. Keep in mind that the referral "סימן צ״ב" in the body is legitimate.
Le-ma'asse (חתיכה נעשית נבילה). The Sephardi follows the Mehaber: in other prohibitions, 60 against the absorbed prohibition (לפי חשבון). The Ashkenazi follows the Rama: 60 against the whole piece, which one removes. Knowing whether it is bassar be-halav or another prohibition, whether the prohibition is stuck, whether the piece is in the broth, is a question of fact. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
6. נבלל ונימוח לעומת יבש — a liquid that dissolves vs a solid
מה שאין כן בדבר הנבלל ונימוח, כגון דם וכיוצא בו שנפל לתוך רוטב של היתר ואסרו מחמת מיעוטו, ואחר כך נתרבה רוטב ההיתר עד שיש ס' לבטל כל הדם — הכל מותר, מפני שהכל מעורב ונימוח.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ו:א · הגה: ולדידן דחתיכה נעשית נבילה בכל האיסורים
Situation
Mehaber (din)
Rama (our custom)
A liquid that mixes and dissolves (נבלל ונימוח) — blood into juice, then the permitted increases until 60
Everything permitted — the whole is mixed and dissolved
Everything permitted as soon as there is 60 against what was forbidden first
The forbidden element already solid (יבש), with 60 against it
(the forbidden piece remains proportionally)
The piece forbidden first remains in its prohibition → one removes it if one recognizes it
An unrecognized solid
—
Nullified if it is not a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד (otherwise not, siman 101)
The liquid / solid distinction (Shach s.k. 3-4). For a liquid that mixes and dissolves (נבלל ונימוח) — blood fallen into a permitted juice, which first forbade it for lack of 60, then the permitted increases until 60 against all the blood → everything is permitted, for the mixture is continuous. For a solid (יבש), the Rama rules (according to חנ״נ) that the piece forbidden first remains forbidden: one removes it if one recognizes it ; not recognized → nullified unless it is a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד (a davar hashuv that does not nullify — siman 101). The Shach (s.k. 3) adds חנ״נ even in לח בלח when there is no הפסד גדול (Rama 92:4) ; s.k. 4 refines לח/יבש and the הפסד גדול.
Le-ma'asse (liquid / solid). A liquid that dissolves and is then diluted until 60 → everything permitted (continuous mixture). A solid (according to our custom) → the forbidden piece remains forbidden: one removes it if one recognizes it ; otherwise it is nullified, unless it is a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד. Qualifying "liquid or solid," "recognized or not," "ראוי להתכבד," is a question of fact. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
7. נוטל חתיכה מן הקדרה — removing a piece (seif 2)
חתיכה שיש בה חלב, שנתבשלה בקדרה שיש בה ששים לבטל החלב — צריך ליזהר שלא יטול כלום מן הקדרה בעוד שחתיכת האיסור בתוכה, שמא תישאר באחרונה בעת שאין בקדרה ס' לבטל החלב. וגם לא יטלנה תחילה, שהחלב שבה אוסרתה. ומה תקנתה ? יניחנה עד שתצטנן הקדרה.
The dilemma of seif 2 (Mehaber). A piece containing חלב cooked in a pot that has 60 against the חלב. As long as this forbidden piece is still in it, one must take care to remove nothing from the pot: one fears that the forbidden piece may remain last, at a moment when the pot no longer has 60 to nullify the חלב. But one will not take it out first either, for the חלב that is in it would forbid it (there is no 60 against it on its own). The Mehaber's remedy: leave it until the pot cools (then there is no more transfer of taste).
The Taz (s.k. 2) — why "leaving it" suffices here. The Taz notes an important difference from seif 1: there, the piece was already forbidden by absorption ; here, it has not yet absorbed the חלב that is upon it, and as long as everything stays in the pot, the פליטה distributes equally (the piece exudes into the rest, which has 60). This is why the mere fact of leaving it until it cools makes the whole permitted — it does not become a frozen "forbidden body."
The Rama (according to חנ״נ) — Shach s.k. 7
For the Rama, once חנ״נ applies, the conduct is simpler: one removes the forbidden piece, and the rest is permitted. The Shach (s.k. 7) notes that, according to חנ״נ, removing the piece does not harm (מזיק nothing) the rest — for the rest has 60 against what the piece exuded. Thus, where the Mehaber says "let it cool," the Rama says "remove the piece."
Le-ma'asse (removing a piece). According to the Mehaber: remove nothing while the forbidden piece is in the pot (risk that it remains last without 60), do not take it out first either, and let it cool. According to the Rama (חנ״נ): remove the forbidden piece, the rest is permitted. Knowing whether 60 remains, whether the piece is recognized, is a question of fact. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
8. פתחי תשובה — נודע ביהודה and תפארת צבי
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 1) — the Noda BiYhouda (ח״יד 20): אפשר לסוחטו מותר if the piece absorbed a prohibition of its own species (מינו) through salting (מליחה) ; in that case, even that piece is permitted — and even for us. An important detail: everything depends on the nature of the absorbed prohibition (same species or not) and on the mode of absorption (salting and not cooking).
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 2) — the Tiferet Tzvi on כבוש (pickling): likewise, if a dish cooked with 60 cools and the permitted then drops below 60, pickling (כבוש כמבושל) can render the thing forbidden. The time factor (how long the elements remain together once below 60) then becomes decisive.
What the Pitchei Teshuva adds to the seif. The two notes of the Pitchei Teshuva nuance the principle אפשר לסוחטו אסור of seif 1 and the conduct of seif 2: (1) there are cases where אפשר לסוחטו is מותר (a prohibition of the same species, absorbed by salting) — the piece itself is then permitted ; (2) the danger is not only "remaining last" in the cooking, but also כבוש after cooling if the permitted falls below 60. Details not to decide on your own.
Le-ma'asse (Pitchei Teshuva). According to the Noda BiYhouda, a piece that absorbed a prohibition of the same species by salting may be permitted (אפשר לסוחטו מותר) ; according to the Tiferet Tzvi, beware of כבוש after cooling, which may forbid if the permitted drops below 60. These distinctions (same species, salting vs cooking, duration of pickling) are questions of fact. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
9. פסיקת הספרדים בזמננו — the contemporary Sephardic psika
Note on method. The responsa that follow (Yabia Omer, Yehaveh Da'at, Yalkut Yossef, Or LeTzion) extend the principles of siman 106 above to modern cases. They do not appear in the corpus of the siman ; they are cited as recognized streams of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav before any application.
The contemporary Sephardic psika (the school of Rav Ovadia Yosef, Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul) follows exactly the Mehaber: in prohibitions other than bassar be-halav, the piece that only absorbed forbids only proportionally (לפי חשבון) — one counts 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone (the piece joining the count) — and it is itself forbidden only by אפשר לסוחטו. The Sephardic school does not adopt חנ״נ for other prohibitions, and tends to be lenient in הפסד גדול, as the Pitchei Teshuva recalls in the name of the Noda BiYhouda.
Concrete case
Sephardic orientation (to be verified)
A piece that absorbed another prohibition, fallen into a pot
לפי חשבון : 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone ; the piece joins the count ; no חנ״נ outside bassar be-halav.
The piece itself
אפשר לסוחטו אסור in bassar be-halav ; in other prohibitions, one is more lenient — especially in הפסד גדול (Noda BiYhouda).
A liquid that dissolves (נבלל ונימוח)
Diluted until 60 → everything permitted, continuous mixture.
Removing a piece from a pot (seif 2)
Follow the Mehaber: do not remove while the forbidden piece is in it ; let it cool.
Anchoring in the siman. All of this follows from the text: לפי חשבון (seif 1), אפשר לסוחטו אסור (seif 1), the distinction נבלל ונימוח / יבש (seif 1), and the conduct of removal (seif 2). The contemporary responsa apply these rules to today's kitchens, remaining faithful to the path of the Mehaber.
10. פסיקת האשכנזים — the Ashkenazi psika
Note on method. The same remark applies: these streams extend the Rama and the nossei kelim ; they are cited as landmarks of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav.
The Ashkenazi psika begins from the Rama and the acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD, and for the 20th century the Iggrot Moshe). The feature of the Rama that dominates this siman: חתיכה נעשית נבילה בכל האיסורים. Direct consequences: (1) one counts 60 against the whole piece (and not against the absorbed prohibition alone) ; (2) for the forbidden solid, one removes the piece if one recognizes it (otherwise nullified unless a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד) ; (3) in seif 2, one simply removes the forbidden piece, the rest is permitted (Shach s.k. 7).
Concrete case
Ashkenazi orientation (to be verified)
A piece that absorbed a prohibition, fallen into a pot
חנ״נ : 60 against the whole piece (Shach s.k. 1-2, 5-6), not only against the absorbed prohibition.
A forbidden solid recognized / not recognized
Recognized → one removes it ; not recognized → nullified unless a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד (siman 101).
A liquid that dissolves (נבלל ונימוח)
Permitted as soon as there is 60 against what was forbidden first ; חנ״נ also in לח בלח outside הפסד גדול (Shach s.k. 3).
Removing a piece (seif 2)
One removes the forbidden piece, the rest is permitted (Rama, Shach s.k. 7).
Chabad — only through real sources. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav does not cover Yoreh De'ah ; there is therefore no "Da'at HaRav" on siman 106. For the Chabad practice on these questions, one refers to the responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek and to the Sefer HaMinhagim Chabad when they explicitly address a point — and one refrains from attributing to the Admur HaZaken a ruling he did not write here.
11. מקרים מודרניים — today's kitchen
How siman 106 sheds light on the kitchen. Three tools of the siman serve to decide modern cases: (1) לפי חשבון — 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone (seif 1) ; (2) אפשר לסוחטו אסור — the piece that absorbed remains forbidden (seif 1) ; (3) the conduct of removal, and the divergence חנ״נ (seif 2).
Modern case
Tool of the siman
Orientation (to be confirmed with the Rav)
A piece of meat that absorbed a little milk (without 60) falls into a large dish of meat
Seif 1 (לפי חשבון)
Sephardi: one counts 60 against the absorbed milk alone (the piece joins the count) → the dish permitted, but the piece remains forbidden (bassar be-halav). Ashkenazi: 60 against the whole piece (חנ״נ), which one removes.
A meatball that absorbed another prohibition (not bassar be-halav) falls into the pot
Seif 1 (לפי חשבון ; חנ״נ)
Sephardi: לפי חשבון, 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone ; the piece forbidden only by אפשר לסוחטו. Ashkenazi: חנ״נ → 60 against the whole piece.
Blood (liquid) fallen into a juice, then one adds permitted juice until 60
Seif 1 (נבלל ונימוח)
Everything permitted — the liquid mixes and dissolves, and there is 60 against all the blood.
Removing a meatball (containing חלב) from a pot that has 60
Seif 2 (removing a piece)
Mehaber: do not remove while the forbidden meatball is in it ; do not take it out first ; let it cool. Rama: remove the forbidden meatball, the rest permitted.
A dish cooked with 60 that cools, then the permitted drops below 60
Seif 1-2 (PT s.k. 2, כבוש)
Beware of כבוש (pickling) which may forbid if the permitted drops below 60 after cooling (Tiferet Tzvi).
Le-ma'asse. These situations blend questions of fact — bassar be-halav or another prohibition, absorbed quantity, piece recognized or not, liquid or solid, whether 60 remains, duration of the כבוש — that only your Rav can decide upon seeing the case. The practical rule: reconstruct precisely what was absorbed, in what quantity, in what prohibition, and whether 60 remains. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
12. סיכום מעשי — summary and tables
טבלה — how one nullifies, in practice
Case
Sephardi (Mehaber)
Ashkenazi (Rama)
A piece that absorbed another prohibition, fallen into a pot
לפי חשבון : 60 against the absorbed prohibition alone
חנ״נ : 60 against the whole piece
The piece itself
Forbidden in bb"h (אפשר לסוחטו) ; more lenient elsewhere
Forbidden (חנ״נ) → one removes it
A liquid that dissolves (נבלל ונימוח), diluted until 60
Everything permitted (continuous mixture)
Everything permitted once 60 against the initial prohibition
A forbidden solid (יבש) recognized
Remains proportionally
One removes it ; not recognized → nullified unless ראוי להתכבד
Removing a piece from a pot (seif 2)
Remove nothing while it is in it ; let it cool
Remove the forbidden piece, the rest permitted
טבלה — who says what (the nossei kelim of the siman)
Posek
Decisive contribution (anchored in the corpus)
Mehaber (seifim 1-2)
לפי חשבון איסור שבה (the piece joins the count of the 60) ; אפשר לסוחטו אסור — the piece remains forbidden ; נבלל ונימוח / יבש ; and the conduct of seif 2: do not remove while the prohibition is in it, let it cool.
Rama (הגה)
חתיכה נעשית נבילה בכל האיסורים → 60 against the whole piece (seif 1) ; a recognized solid → one removes it (unless ראוי להתכבד) ; seif 2 → remove the forbidden piece, the rest permitted (referral siman צ״ב, 99).
Shach (Siftei Kohen)
s.k. 1: "לפי חשבון" = the position of the Mehaber (no חנ״נ elsewhere ; for us different, referral 99:3,5) ; s.k. 2: אפשר לסוחטו אסור, the piece always forbidden ; s.k. 3-4: חנ״נ in לח בלח outside הפסד גדול, לח/יבש, ראוי להתכבד ; s.k. 5-6: 60 against the whole piece where the חלב is stuck ; s.k. 7: according to חנ״נ one removes the piece (מזיק nothing).
Taz (Turei Zahav)
s.k. 1: the sugya of the כחל (Chullin 100), "נפלה לקדירה אחרת" ; אפשר לסוחטו אסור only in bassar be-halav (כל דתיקון רבנן כעין דאורייתא), Rashba fears not all came out → the piece remains forbidden ; s.k. 2: seif 2 — if one leaves it, it is permitted (≠ seif 1), it has not yet absorbed, the פליטה distributes equally.
Pri Megadim (פר״מ)
Fine analysis of the לפי חשבון and of חנ״נ between the schools, as the backdrop of the Shach and the Taz on this siman.
Pitchei Teshuva (פתחי תשובה)
s.k. 1: Noda BiYhouda (ח״יד 20) — אפשר לסוחטו מותר if a prohibition of the same species absorbed by מליחה → even that piece permitted, even for us ; s.k. 2: Tiferet Tzvi — likewise in כבוש, pickling after cooling may forbid if the permitted drops below 60.
טבלה — contemporary streams of psika (outside the corpus, to be verified)
Sephardic: the school of Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer, Yehaveh Da'at), Yalkut Yossef ; Or LeTzion (Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul). They follow the Mehaber: לפי חשבון (60 against the absorbed prohibition alone) outside bassar be-halav, no חנ״נ for other prohibitions ; אפשר לסוחטו אסור in bb"h, more lenient elsewhere (הפסד גדול, Noda BiYhouda).
Ashkenazi: Iggrot Moshe (Rav Moshe Feinstein) and the acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD). They follow the Rama: חתיכה נעשית נבילה בכל האיסורים → 60 against the whole piece, which one removes ; a recognized solid removed (unless ראוי להתכבד).
Chabad: no Shulchan Aruch HaRav on the YD. One cites only real sources — responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek, the Sefer HaMinhagim — when they explicitly address the point.
In substance, retain the two measures of the siman: לפי חשבון (60 against the absorbed prohibition) and אפשר לסוחטו אסור (the piece that absorbed remains forbidden) — this is the grid of seif 1.
The central divergence: the Sephardi (Mehaber) holds חנ״נ only in bassar be-halav → elsewhere לפי חשבון ; the Ashkenazi (Rama) holds חנ״נ in all prohibitions → 60 against the whole piece, which one removes.
In seif 2, to remove a piece: the Mehaber says remove nothing while the prohibition is in it and let it cool ; the Rama says remove the forbidden piece, the rest permitted.
And for any real case — bassar be-halav or another prohibition, liquid or solid, recognized or not, whether 60 remains — halakha le-ma'asse goes through your Rav. For application to your situation, consult your Rav.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DAAT · הרב יוסף חיים סממה
תלמיד חכם · מעביר שיעורים בהלכה ובחסידות פסק והלכה למעשה בדין היאך מבטלין בששים · סימן ק״ו · ⚖️ Level 4 — Halakha le-ma'asse
⚠️ This content is for study purposes. The contemporary streams of psika cited (Sephardic and Ashkenazi) are landmarks, not a personal psak. For any practical application (לְמַעֲשֶׂה), consult a qualified Rav.