Siman 92 — Milk that Fell into a Meat Pot — Practical psika
סימן צ״ב · הלכה למעשה
דינין אם נפל חלב לקדירה של בשר
פסק המחבר והרמ״א · הכרעת נושאי הכלים · פסיקת הספרדים והאשכנזים בזמננו
⚖️ פסק הלכה ולמעשה ⚖️
✦ ❖ ✦
Halakha le-ma'asse — the practical psika
From the ruling of the Mehaber and the Rama, to the arbitration of the Shach, the Taz, the Pri Megadim
and the Pitchei Teshuva, all the way to the contemporary Sephardic and Ashkenazi poskim
Subject:
שולחן ערוך יורה דעה סימן צ״ב (ט' סעיפים)
עם נושאי הכלים: ש״ך, ט״ז, פרי מגדים, פתחי תשובה
⚠ Level disclaimer:
This level is not "Da'at HaRav": the Shulchan Aruch HaRav
(the Admur HaZaken) does not cover Yoreh De'ah, hence not Siman 92.
It is a level of practical psika: what one does, and whom to ask.
Writing and iyun:
הרב יוסף חיים סממה · DAAT
How to read this level. Every statement is anchored either in the text of the Shulchan Aruch and its nossei kelim (Shach, Taz, Pri Megadim, Pitchei Teshuva), or in a named responsum of the contemporary poskim. On Yoreh De'ah there is neither a Mishnah Berurah (which comments only on Orach Chaim), nor a Shulchan Aruch HaRav / Da'at HaRav (the Admur HaZaken did not write the YD). Every concrete application (le-ma'asse) concludes with the referral to your Rav: real cases blend factual details (exact temperature, utensils, proportions, fat or lean meat, degree of boiling) that only a posek who sees your situation can decide.
📑 תוכן העניינים
שורש הסימן — מעבר טעם דרך בישול, וטעימת קפילא (סעיף א')
פסק המחבר והרמ״א — מסגרת ההלכה בט' סעיפים
אין סומכין על טעימת עכו״ם — ס' בכל ענין (סעיף א'–ב')
ניער וכיסה והצירוף — והכי נהוג (סעיף ב')
חתיכה נעשית נבילה — דין ומנהג (סעיף ג'–ד')
טיפה על הדופן — כנגד הרוטב / כנגד הריקן (סעיף ה'–ו')
שעת הדחק, תתאה גבר, עירוי — וכלי שני (סעיף ז')
זיעה ונר של חלב — (סעיף ח'–ט')
פסיקת הספרדים בזמננו — Yabia Omer, Yalkut Yossef, Or LeTzion
פסיקת האשכנזים — Iggrot Moshe and the acharonim
מקרים מודרניים — Splash, kitchen vapor, koshering a pot
Taste (טעימת קפילא). A kazayit of meat falls into a pot (יורה) of boiling milk: a non-Jew tastes the pot; if he says there is a taste of meat → forbidden, if not → permitted, even with less than sixty; but that piece itself is forbidden.
And this only if it was removed before it re-exudes the absorbed milk, that is, before the pot stops boiling.
— Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah 92:1 · talmudic basis: the sugyot of Chullin (טעם, ביטול) and the טעימת קפילא · Sefaria YD 92:1
1. שורש הסימן — taste, and the moment of removal
The foundation. Siman 92 deals with the transfer of taste through cooking (unlike Siman 91, which covered contact, heat, and salting without cooking): a piece cooked in milk, or milk fallen into a meat pot. The whole siman turns on two measures — taste (טעימת קפילא, or its substitute: 60) and the צירוף of the whole pot — and on one structuring principle: חתיכה נעשית נבילה, "the piece itself becomes נבילה."
Two prohibitions in seif 1 (Taz s.k. 1). The Taz distinguishes two movements of taste: (a) the taste of meat that the piece exudes at once into the milk — nullifiable by 60 (this is what the non-Jew tastes); (b) the milk that the meat absorbed and then re-exudes into the rest of the milk — it appears only after the pot has stopped boiling, hence the Mehaber's requirement: remove the piece before that moment. For Rashi (מין במינו במשהו) 60 would not help for this second taste; but we rule like Rabbenu Tam — מין במינו בטל בששים.
Why "the piece itself is forbidden"
Even if the non-Jew senses no taste of meat in the milk (so the milk is permitted), the piece of meat itself is forbidden: it absorbed boiling milk. This is the seed of the law of חתיכה נעשית נבילה developed in seifim 3-4: the meat becomes itself a "forbidden body" that will need 60 against the whole piece, and no longer only against the absorbed milk.
2. פסק המחבר והרמ״א — the map of the siman
Siman 92 contains 9 seifim. The Mehaber lays the framework (often in favor of the טעימת קפילא); the Rama (הגה) glosses, and above all establishes that we do not rely on a non-Jew's taste — hence 60 בכל ענין. Here is the overall map, as it emerges from the text itself.
Seif
Subject
Psak (anchored in the text)
1
טעימת קפילא + removal
Kazayit of meat in boiling milk: taste of meat → forbidden; if not, permitted even without 60; the piece forbidden. And only if removed before it re-exudes the milk (before the pot stops boiling); otherwise → 60 required. Rama: siman 98 — אין סומכין על טעימת עכו״ם, ובעינן ס' בכל ענין.
2
ניער / כיסה and the צירוף
Milk in a meat pot: 60 in the piece against the milk, otherwise everything forbidden. צירוף of everything (pieces, vegetables, broth, spices). Stirred/covered from start to end (or right away) → הכל מצטרף. Rama: stirring helps only if one stirred at the fall — והכי נהוג.
3
חתיכה נעשית נבילה
The forbidden piece becomes entirely נבילה: cooked with others → 60 against the whole piece. Recognized → discard it, the rest permitted; not recognized → broth permitted, pieces forbidden if ראוי להתכבד (siman 101).
4
חנ״נ: din vs custom
Din: חנ״נ only in bassar be-halav. Other prohibitions (e.g. חֵלֶב) → 60 against the prohibition alone. Rama: custom applies חנ״נ to every issur (one does not deviate) — under conditions דבוק / out of the broth; לח בלח and יבש ביבש excepted; utensil → no חנ״נ.
5
טיפה on the outer wall
Drop opposite the broth → 60 against the drop (מפעפעת לפנים). On the empty part (כנגד הריקן) without 60 there → that spot forbidden; pour through it → the dish forbidden. Remedy: do not touch it until it cools. Rama: only if the pot is old; new → 60 against the drop בכל ענין.
6
כנגד הריקן; the fire side
One forbids כנגד הריקן, but only on the side not facing the fire; fire side → permitted (האש שורפו ומייבשו). Small quantity only. Rama: pot forbidden even with 60 in the dish; pour at once on the other side; a second cooking = like the first.
7
שעת הדחק; תתאה גבר; עירוי
Permitted in שעת הדחק (Shabbat eve) via 60. Boiling liquid spilled, a hot pot set on it → כלי שני, pot forbidden but dish permitted (תתאה גבר). Interrupted קלוח = כלי שני; uninterrupted = עירוי (כדי קליפה). Hot pot / כלי ראשון near the fire → everything forbidden (תתאה גבר). Drop on the lid = like opposite the broth.
8
זיעה (vapor)
Uncovered milk pan under a meat pot: the vapor rises, is absorbed, forbids — only if יד סולדת in the vapor at the contact. Rama: 60 against the milk. Covered → permitted. לכתחלה to be avoided.
9
נר של חלב (tallow)
Drop from a candle of חֵלֶב (solid tallow) on a utensil → גרידה (scraping). Hot melted tallow → הגעלה.
כלל הפסק של הסימן :
שתי מידות עיקריות — טעם (טעימת קפילא, ובמקומה שישים) וצירוף כל היורה — ויסוד אחד החותך את הסימן: חתיכה נעשית נבילה. ולמנהגנו אין סומכין על טעימת עכו״ם, ובעינן ס' בכל ענין ; וכל ספקות הצירוף (ניער / כיסה / מאימתי) תלויים אם נעשה הדבר מיד בנפילת האיסור.
3. אין סומכין על טעימת עכו״ם — 60 בכל ענין
טועם העובד כוכבים הקדרה ; אם אמר שיש בה טעם בשר אסורה, ואם לאו מותרת אפילו בפחות מששים.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד צ״ב:א ; הגה: ועיין לקמן סימן צח, דאין אנו נוהגין לסמוך אטעימת עובד כוכבים, ובעינן ס' בכל ענין.
The Mehaber and the Rama. For the Mehaber, the טעימת קפילא (the taste reported by a competent non-Jew) suffices: no taste → permitted, even with less than 60. The Rama (הגה), referring to siman 98, rules that we no longer rely on a non-Jew's taste and that we require 60 in every case (בעינן ס' בכל ענין). This is the first practical rule of the siman, and the most decisive for our conduct.
The key moment ("before the pot stops boiling"). Even without a sensed taste, if the piece was not removed in time and re-exuded the milk it had absorbed, it is forbidden unless there is 60. The Taz (s.k. 1) explains that this second prohibition — the re-exuded milk — appears only after the boiling stops: this is why the window for removal is so narrow, and why, in practice, one reasons directly with 60 (like the Rama).
Le-ma'asse (taste). For us, the טעימת קפילא is no longer the practical avenue: one evaluates in 60 in every case. If there is 60 times the volume against the prohibition that fell, the dish is permitted (and only the piece that absorbed remains to be examined). The exact calculation of the 60 (which volume counts, fat/lean, solid/liquid) depends on the case — ask your Rav.
4. ניער / כיסה and the צירוף — when the whole pot combines
לא שנא ניער הקדרה בתחילה ובסוף... ובלבד שיהיה מיד ; וכן אם לא ניער ולא כיסה כלל, אם יש בקדרה ס' כנגד הטיפה — אותה חתיכה אסורה והשאר מותר.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד צ״ב:ב · ב״י בשם הראב״ד והמ״מ בשם הרמב״ם
Situation
Did one stir / cover?
Measure
Source
Milk on an identified piece
Neither stirred nor covered, but 60 against the drop
The piece forbidden, the rest permitted
Mehaber s.2; Raavad / Maguid Mishné
Stirred/covered from start to end, or at the fall
Yes, immediately
הכל מצטרף — everything combines to nullify
Mehaber s.2; Tur
Milk fallen without knowing where
One stirs until it re-mixes
Taste in the whole → forbidden; if not (or 60) → permitted
Rambam
The condition "מיד" (immediately). The צירוף of the whole pot operates only if one stirred (or covered) at the very fall of the prohibition, and not later. The Mehaber also reports the view that stirring/covering from start to end combines everything; but the Rama rules with the Tur: stirring helps only if one stirred at the fall of the prohibition — "והכי נהוג". This is the seif's practical arbitration.
The Ran and the piece out of the broth (Shach s.k. 3). The Shach reports the Ran: in the pot, through heat and moisture, the absorbed milk diffuses through the whole piece, even the part out of the broth. The Shach reconciles this with siman 105:4 (the distinction איסור גוש / איסור צלול). The Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 1) cites the Noda BiYhouda (chinyana), who specifies: this diffusion applies only if the prohibition is not stuck and already cooked — a detail that weighs le-ma'asse.
Le-ma'asse (stirring / covering). Retain the custom ruled by the Rama: the צירוף of the whole pot (to reach the 60) is counted only if one stirred at the very moment of the fall. Without that, one evaluates against what was present at that moment. Knowing whether one stirred "in time," and how to count the volume, are questions of fact — ask your Rav.
5. חתיכה נעשית נבילה — the piece becomes נבילה
Din (seif 3) and custom (seif 4) — the central machloket of psak
Mehaber (seif 3): once the piece is forbidden because of the milk, the whole piece becomes נבילה. Recooked with others → one needs 60 against the whole piece (not only against the absorbed milk).
Recognized / not recognized: recognized → discard it, the rest permitted. Not recognized → the broth is permitted, but all the pieces are forbidden if the forbidden piece is ראוי להתכבד (a davar hashuv that does not nullify — siman 101).
The din limits חנ״נ to bassar be-halav (seif 4): for other prohibitions (e.g. a kazayit of חֵלֶב), it then suffices to have 60 against the kazayit; and the piece itself becomes permitted again.
Rama (seif 4): but custom applies חנ״נ to every issur (Tosafot, Sma"g, Sma"k, Mordechai) — "ואין לזוז." Nevertheless only if the prohibition is stuck (דבוק), or if the piece is out of the broth; if part is in the broth and the prohibition is not stuck → no חנ״נ, everything combines — but one is stringent on that piece (Issur ve-Heter, kelal 28).
הכרעה. In bassar be-halav, חנ״נ applies even if the prohibition is not stuck and even if part of the piece is in the broth. For other prohibitions, custom (Rama) applies it too, under the above conditions. The Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 2) reports the Rash"al on לח בלח: if the liquid prohibition mixed into the liquid heter "דרך בישול," one says חנ״נ; and the Noda BiYhouda (II, YD 49) permits in הפסד גדול — but not in bassar be-halav.
The exceptions to know. (1) Liquid into liquid then the whole into another heter: Mordechai (ch. 25), Rashb"a and Ran (in the name of the Raavad) say no חנ״נ — 60 against the prohibition suffices; one relies on this for other prohibitions in הפסד גדול, but not in bassar be-halav. (2) Dry in dry (יבש ביבש): no prohibition makes חנ״נ (cf. siman 99:15). (3) A utensil that absorbed a prohibition: no חנ״נ — 60 against the absorbed prohibition suffices (Mordechai; siman 98).
Le-ma'asse (חתיכה נעשית נבילה). In meat-and-milk, consider that the forbidden piece has itself become נבילה: to recook it with others, one needs 60 against the whole piece, and a piece that is ראוי להתכבד does not nullify. For other prohibitions, our custom (Rama) also applies חנ״נ, except the exceptions (לח בלח, יבש ביבש, utensil). Recognizing the prohibition "stuck / not stuck," "in the broth or out of it," is a question of fact — ask your Rav.
6. טיפה על הדופן — the drop on the outer wall
טיפת חלב שנפלה על הקדרה של בשר מבחוץ ; אם נפלה כנגד מה שיש בקדרה — די בס' כנגד הטיפה, דמפעפעת לפנים. ואם נפלה כנגד הריקן ולא היה ס' באותו מקום — נאסר אותו מקום מן הקדרה.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד צ״ב:ה
Where does the drop fall?
Old pot (Mehaber)
New pot (Rama)
Opposite the broth (כנגד הרוטב)
60 against the drop (it diffuses inward)
60 against the drop
On the empty part (כנגד הריקן), without 60 there
That spot of the pot is forbidden; pour through it → dish forbidden
60 against the drop בכל ענין (cf. siman 94, the ladle)
מפעפעת לפנים (Taz s.k. 17). When the drop falls opposite the contents, it "diffuses inward": it is as if it fell into the dish, so 60 against the drop suffices. The Taz cites the ממה נפשך of the Issur ve-Heter (kelal 31, in the name of the Sma"k): either it diffuses to the broth (and 60 nullifies it), or it stays in the wall (and does not reach the dish). The Mehaber's remedy for the כנגד הריקן case: no longer touch it until it cools (עד שתצטנן).
New / old pot (Rama). All the Mehaber's stringency on כנגד הריקן applies only to an old pot (ישנה), already imbued with meat. For a new pot (חדשה), in every case 60 against the drop suffices — the Rama refers to siman 94 (regarding the ladle, כף). In practice, this is an important leniency for little-used utensils.
Le-ma'asse (drop on the wall). Drop opposite the broth → one reasons with 60 against the drop. Drop on the empty part → this is more severe (the spot may become forbidden); do not pour the dish through that spot and do not touch it until it cools. New pot → 60 always suffices. Knowing "opposite the broth or not," and the fire side (§7), are questions of fact — ask your Rav.
7. כנגד הריקן, שעת הדחק, תתאה גבר and עירוי
The fire side (seif 6). The custom is to forbid the drop fallen כנגד הריקן (above the level), but only on the side not facing the fire. On the fire side, it is permitted: "האש שורפו ומייבשו" — the fire burns and dries the drop before it diffuses, and then the pot too is permitted. And this only for a small quantity; if much fell, no leniency even on the fire side, except opposite the broth and with 60. Rama: otherwise the pot is forbidden even if there is 60 in the dish — one pours at once on the other side (not the drop's side); and a second cooking follows the same rule as the first.
שעת הדחק, תתאה גבר and עירוי (seif 7)
שעת הדחק: a certain authority permits in a pressing case — e.g. Shabbat eve — even not opposite the broth and even not on the fire side, via 60. Rama: so is the custom.
תתאה גבר (spilled liquid): boiling forbidden liquid spilled on the ground, on which one sets a hot pot: if the liquid is not near the fire → it is only a כלי שני; the pot absorbs (and becomes forbidden), but the dish inside is permitted because תתאה גבר (the lower one prevails).
קלוח / עירוי: a stream flowing from a boiling pot to a cold pot: interrupted → כלי שני; uninterrupted → it is an עירוי, the cold pot is forbidden if יד סולדת at the contact — but the dish inside remains permitted, for the עירוי forbids only כדי קליפה. But if the pot is hot / כלי ראשון, all the more so near the fire → everything forbidden even if the stream is cold (תתאה גבר, like "cold into hot" — cf. siman 91).
Drop on the lid: it is like fallen opposite the broth, provided the pot has begun to boil (the vapor rises to the lid and falls back in).
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 4): the Levushei Serad, regarding ash (אפר) placed under the stream to interrupt it — do not rely on it to "cut" the קלוח. The status כלי שני / עירוי is judged by the real continuity of the stream, not by an artifice.
Le-ma'asse (תתאה גבר, עירוי, שעת הדחק). The great practical principle: תתאה גבר — a hot כלי ראשון below forbids everything; a כלי שני (or an עירוי, an uninterrupted stream) forbids only the thickness of a peel, and the dish inside often remains permitted. In שעת הדחק (Shabbat eve), one relies on the 60. Classifying "כלי ראשון / שני," "stream interrupted or not," "יד סולדת" is a question of fact — ask your Rav.
8. זיעה ונר של חלב — vapor and the tallow candle
מחבת של חלב שנתנה תחת קדרה של בשר בתנור, הזיעה עולה ונבלעת בקדרה ואוסרתה ; והוא שתהיה המחבת מגולה ויד סולדת בזיעה במקום החיבור. ובמכוסה — הכל מותר.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד צ״ב:ח
Vapor (seif 8). A milk pan placed in the oven under a meat pot: the vapor rises, is absorbed by the pot, and forbids it. Rama: if there was milk in the pan, one needs 60 in the dish of the pot against the milk of the pan. But this only under three conditions: (1) the pan is uncovered (מגולה), the vapor rising from the food itself; (2) they are close enough; (3) יד סולדת in the vapor at the contact. Otherwise → everything permitted. This is why one hangs meat to dry above milk pots without fearing the vapor (Pisqei Maharai). A covered pan (מכוסה) → everything permitted, like two pots that touch (Mordechai ch. 25). Nevertheless, לכתחלה one must avoid it.
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 6): the Pri Megadim distinguishes זיעת אוכלין (vapor of a food) from זיעת משקין (vapor of a liquid) — the vapor of a food (such as melted tallow) is perhaps not like the food itself as to severity. A distinction to know, not to decide alone.
נר של חלב (seif 9). Note: here חֵלֶב = tallow (animal fat), not חָלָב = milk. A drop from a solid tallow candle (made like a wax candle) that falls on a utensil → it suffices to scrape (גרידה). But hot melted tallow (חלב מהותך חם), a drop of which falls on a utensil → one needs הגעלה (scalding).
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 3, on הגעלה): a metal pot rendered forbidden is not koshered by filling it with water and boiling — one must immerse it entirely in a larger יורה (cf. Magen Avraham 452). This is the major practical point of seif 9 for our kitchens.
Le-ma'asse (vapor, tallow, הגעלה). Vapor forbids only if יד סולדת at the contact and the source is uncovered; covered, or too far → nothing — but לכתחלה one avoids cooking meat and milk one under the other. For a metal pot to be re-koshered: הגעלה by full immersion, not a simple inner boiling bath. The exact degree (יד סולדת, proximity, type of הגעלה) is a question of fact — ask your Rav.
9. פסיקת הספרדים בזמננו — the contemporary Sephardic psika
Note on method. The responsa that follow (Yabia Omer, Yehaveh Da'at, Yalkut Yossef, Or LeTzion) extend the principles of siman 92 above to modern cases. They do not appear in the corpus of the siman; they are cited as recognized streams of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav before any application.
The contemporary Sephardic psika (the school of Rav Ovadia Yosef, Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul) begins exactly from the framework of the Mehaber: one evaluates in 60 (the טעימת קפילא no longer being practiced), צירוף of the pot according to whether one stirred at the fall (seif 2), and the principle of חתיכה נעשית נבילה (seifim 3-4). On the application of חנ״נ to other prohibitions, the Sephardic school is more inclined to follow the din (60 against the prohibition alone) and to be lenient in הפסד גדול for what is not bassar be-halav, as the Pitchei Teshuva recalls in the name of the Noda BiYhouda.
Concrete case
Sephardic orientation (to be verified)
Milk fallen into a meat pot
60 בכל ענין (Rama, siman 98); one does not rely on a non-Jew's taste. צירוף only if stirred at the fall.
חנ״נ for another prohibition (חֵלֶב, etc.)
One readily relies on the din (60 against the prohibition alone), especially in הפסד גדול; but in bassar be-halav, חנ״נ fully.
Drop on the outer wall
Opposite the broth → 60 against the drop; new pot → 60 בכל ענין (leniency retained).
Re-koshering a metal pot
הגעלה by full immersion (PT s.k. 3); do not settle for an inner boiling bath.
Anchoring in the siman. All of this follows from the text: 60 בכל ענין (seif 1, Rama 98), צירוף conditioned on the "מיד" (seif 2), חנ״נ and its limits (seifim 3-4), the diffusion מפעפע (seif 5), תתאה גבר (seif 7), and the הגעלה (seif 9). The contemporary responsa apply these rules to today's kitchens.
10. פסיקת האשכנזים — the Ashkenazi psika
Note on method. The same remark applies: these streams extend the Rama and the nossei kelim; they are cited as landmarks of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav.
The Ashkenazi psika begins from the Rama and the acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD, and for the 20th century the Iggrot Moshe). Two features of the Rama dominate this siman: (1) "ובעינן ס' בכל ענין" — one does not rely on the non-Jew, one always evaluates in 60; (2) "והכי נהוג" on חנ״נ extended to every issur, and on the צירוף that operates only if one stirred at the fall.
Concrete case
Ashkenazi orientation (to be verified)
60 בכל ענין
One never relies on the non-Jew's taste (Rama, siman 98); one requires 60 in every case.
חנ״נ to every issur
Custom applies it to every prohibition ("ואין לזוז"), under conditions דבוק / out of the broth; לח בלח and יבש ביבש excepted.
צירוף of the pot
Operates only if stirred at the fall of the prohibition (Tur, "והכי נהוג").
הגעלה of a metal pot
Full immersion in a larger יורה (PT s.k. 3, Magen Avraham 452).
Chabad — only through real sources. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav does not cover Yoreh De'ah; there is therefore no "Da'at HaRav" on siman 92. For the Chabad practice on these questions, one refers to the responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek and to the Sefer HaMinhagim Chabad when they explicitly address a point — and one refrains from attributing to the Admur HaZaken a ruling he did not write here.
11. מקרים מודרניים — today's kitchen
How siman 92 sheds light on the kitchen. Four tools of the siman serve to decide modern cases: (1) 60 בכל ענין (seif 1); (2) the צירוף conditioned on "stirred at the fall" (seif 2); (3) חתיכה נעשית נבילה (seifim 3-4); (4) vapor and the הגעלה (seifim 8-9).
Modern case
Tool of the siman
Orientation (to be confirmed with the Rav)
A ladle of milk poured by mistake into a meat pot
Seif 1-2 (60; צירוף)
One evaluates 60 against the milk; if stirred at the fall → everything combines. Otherwise → 60 against what was present. Without 60 → everything forbidden.
A splash of milk on the outer wall of the pot, near the fire
Seif 5-6 (טיפה; fire side)
Opposite the broth → 60 against the drop; on the empty part fire side → permitted (the fire dries it); opposite side → the spot may become forbidden. New pot → 60 suffices.
A milk pan under a meat rack in an open oven
Seif 8 (זיעה)
Forbidden only if uncovered and יד סולדת in the vapor at the contact; covered or distant → permitted. לכתחלה one avoids it.
Re-koshering a metal pot that became forbidden
Seif 9 (הגעלה); PT s.k. 3
הגעלה by full immersion in a larger pot of boiling water; not a simple inner boiling bath (Magen Avraham 452).
A drop of tallow (candle) fallen on a dish
Seif 9 (נר של חלב)
Solid tallow → גרידה (scraping); hot melted tallow → הגעלה. Distinguish tallow (חֵלֶב) and milk (חָלָב).
Le-ma'asse. These situations blend questions of fact — did one stir at the fall, opposite the broth or not, fire side, יד סולדת in the vapor, type of utensil (metal/earthenware) — that only your Rav can decide upon seeing the case. The practical rule: reconstruct precisely what fell, where, at what heat, and whether one stirred in time, then ask your Rav.
12. סיכום מעשי — summary and tables
טבלה — the avenues of prohibition, in practice
Case
Measure (for us)
Note
Prohibition fallen, boiling pot
60 בכל ענין against the prohibition
One does not rely on the non-Jew's taste (Rama 98)
Stirred / covered at the fall
הכל מצטרף — everything counts for the 60
Only if "מיד" (Rama: והכי נהוג)
The forbidden piece, recooked (bb"h)
60 against the whole piece (חנ״נ)
ראוי להתכבד does not nullify (siman 101)
Another prohibition (חֵלֶב)
Din: 60 against the prohibition alone; custom: חנ״נ
הפסד גדול → one may be lenient (not in bb"h)
Drop on the wall, opposite the broth
60 against the drop (מפעפע)
Empty part / side away from fire → more severe
עירוי (uninterrupted stream)
כדי קליפה; the inner dish permitted
Hot כלי ראשון → תתאה גבר, everything forbidden
Vapor (זיעה)
Forbidden if יד סולדת + uncovered
Covered / distant → permitted; לכתחלה avoid
Forbidden metal pot
הגעלה by full immersion
Not an inner boiling bath (PT s.k. 3)
טבלה — who says what (the nossei kelim of the siman)
Posek
Decisive contribution (anchored in the corpus)
Mehaber (seifim 1-9)
טעימת קפילא and removal before the boiling stops; צירוף of the pot; חתיכה נעשית נבילה (bb"h); the מפעפע drop and כנגד הריקן; שעת הדחק / תתאה גבר / עירוי; זיעה; נר של חלב.
Rama (הגה)
אין סומכין על טעימת עכו״ם — ס' בכל ענין (seif 1); stirring helps only at the fall — "והכי נהוג" (seif 2); חנ״נ to every issur (seif 4); new pot → 60 (seif 5); pour on the other side (seif 6); 60 against the pan's milk (seif 8).
Shach (Siftei Kohen)
s.k. 3: the Ran — the milk diffuses through the whole piece even out of the broth; reconciliation with siman 105:4 (איסור גוש / צלול).
Taz (Turei Zahav)
s.k. 1: two prohibitions (exuded taste vs re-exuded milk), כר"ת מין במינו בס'; s.k. 2: drop on a piece out of the broth, מחלוקת Rashi / R"I; s.k. 7: without cooking, the blua does not forbid (≠ 91:4); s.k. 17: מפעפעת, the ממה נפשך of the Issur ve-Heter.
Pri Megadim (פר״מ)
זיעת אוכלין vs זיעת משקין — the vapor of a food (melted tallow) is perhaps not like it (reported PT s.k. 6).
Pitchei Teshuva (פתחי תשובה)
s.k. 1: Ran/Shach + Noda BiYhouda (prohibition not stuck / cooked); s.k. 2: Rash"al לח בלח "דרך בישול," Noda BiYhouda II YD 49 (הפסד גדול); s.k. 3: metal pot → full immersion (Magen Avraham 452); s.k. 4: Levushei Serad on ash; s.k. 6: Pri Megadim on vapor; s.k. 7-8: candle / tallow on a utensil.
טבלה — contemporary streams of psika (outside the corpus, to be verified)
Sephardic: the school of Rav Ovadia Yosef (Yabia Omer, Yehaveh Da'at), Yalkut Yossef; Or LeTzion (Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul). They extend the Mehaber: 60 בכל ענין, צירוף according to the "מיד," חתיכה נעשית נבילה; more inclined to follow the din (60 against the prohibition alone) and to be lenient in הפסד גדול for what is not bassar be-halav.
Ashkenazi: Iggrot Moshe (Rav Moshe Feinstein) and the acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD). They extend the Rama: 60 בכל ענין, חנ״נ extended to every issur, צירוף conditioned on "stirred at the fall," הגעלה by full immersion.
Chabad: no Shulchan Aruch HaRav on the YD. One cites only real sources — responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek, the Sefer HaMinhagim — when they explicitly address the point.
In substance, retain the two measures (taste / 60 and צירוף) and the yesod of חתיכה נעשית נבילה: this is the grid that resolves most cases.
In practice, one does not rely on the non-Jew's taste: 60 בכל ענין (Rama, siman 98), and the צירוף is counted only if one stirred at the fall.
A forbidden metal pot is re-koshered by הגעלה with full immersion, not a simple boiling bath; and vapor (זיעה) forbids only if יד סולדת at the contact.
And for any real case — did one stir in time, opposite the broth, the fire side, type of utensil — halakha le-ma'asse goes through your Rav.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DAAT · הרב יוסף חיים סממה
תלמיד חכם · מעביר שיעורים בהלכה ובחסידות פסק והלכה למעשה בדינין אם נפל חלב לקדירה של בשר · סימן צ״ב · ⚖️ Level 4 — Halakha le-ma'asse
⚠️ This content is for study purposes. The contemporary streams of psika cited (Sephardic and Ashkenazi) are landmarks, not a personal psak. For any practical application (לְמַעֲשֶׂה), consult a qualified Rav.