Siman 108 — Does Smell Transfer Prohibition? (Reicha) — Practical psika
סימן ק״ח · הלכה למעשה
דין שלא לאפות היתר ואיסור בתנור אחד
פסק המחבר והרמ״א · הכרעת נושאי הכלים · פסיקת הספרדים והאשכנזים בזמננו
⚖️ פסק הלכה ולמעשה ⚖️
✦ ❖ ✦
Halakha le-ma'asse — the practical psika
From the ruling of the Mehaber and the Rama, to the arbitration of the Shach, the Taz, the Pri Megadim
and the Pitchei Teshuva, all the way to the contemporary Sephardic and Ashkenazi poskim
Subject:
שולחן ערוך יורה דעה סימן ק״ח (ז' סעיפים)
עם נושאי הכלים: ש״ך, ט״ז, פרי מגדים, פתחי תשובה
⚠ Level disclaimer:
This level is not "Da'at HaRav": the Shulchan Aruch HaRav
(the Admur HaZaken) does not cover Yoreh De'ah, hence not Siman 108.
It is a level of practical psika: what one does, and whom to ask.
Writing and iyun:
הרב יוסף חיים סממה · DAAT
How to read this level. Every statement is anchored either in the text of the Shulchan Aruch and its nossei kelim (Shach, Taz, Pri Megadim, Pitchei Teshuva), or in a named responsum of the contemporary poskim. On Yoreh De'ah there is neither a Mishnah Berurah (which comments only on Orach Chaim), nor a Shulchan Aruch HaRav / Da'at HaRav (the Admur HaZaken did not write the YD). Every concrete application (le-ma'asse) concludes with the referral to your Rav: real cases blend factual details (size and opening of the oven, whether covered, a sharp food or not, greater or smaller loss, contact or not) that only a posek who sees your situation can decide.
The forbidden and the permitted in one oven. One does not roast kosher meat together with the meat of a nevila or of an impure animal in one oven, even if they do not touch each other. But if one did roast them → it is permitted [be-di'avad], even if the forbidden one was very fat and the permitted one lean.
And if the oven is large and its mouth open → one may roast them le-chatchila, provided they do not touch. And if one of them is covered → one may roast them even in a small oven.
The foundation. Siman 108 answers a single question: ריחא מילתא ? — does the smell of a forbidden item that roasts or cooks in the same oven as permitted food transfer the prohibition? The Gemara (Pesachim 76, Avoda Zara 66) rules ריחא לאו מילתא: smell alone does not forbid → be-di'avad permitted; but le-chatchila one does not cook forbidden and permitted together. The whole siman lays out the conditions of this rule, its exceptions (where ריחא מילתא and it is forbidden even be-di'avad), and its extension to tasting and smelling (seifim 5-7).
פיטום הריח (Rashi; Taz s.k. 1). Why fear the smell, even when the kosher item is fat and the forbidden one lean? According to Rashi, the smell "fattens / flavors" (מפטם): the kosher fat flavors the forbidden, which re-flavors the permitted. That is why the Mehaber fears precisely the case "lean forbidden, fat permitted." The Taz (s.k. 1) derives that lean + lean is permitted le-chatchila: without fat there is no פיטום (Meiri, Rashba — אין הנאסר אוסר במקום שאין האיסור הולך, cf. siman 105).
The Shach (s.k. 1) — when does smell forbid le-chatchila
The Shach specifies that the concern applies only when one of the two is fat (מפטם): lean + lean is permitted by all. However a Torah-level prohibition, even lean, is forbidden le-chatchila (Pesachim 76, the view of רב). This is the base: ריחא לאו מילתא בדיעבד (s.k. 2), but one refrains le-chatchila.
2. פסק המחבר והרמ״א — the map of the siman
Siman 108 has 7 seifim. The Mehaber lays the framework (ריחא לאו מילתא, the conditions of permission, the pot that separates, the baker's peel, the hot bread, the smelling); the Rama (הגה) glosses the first seif at length (meat-milk, the exceptions where ריחא מילתא, the 60, the prohibition that forbids be-mashehu). Here is the overall map, as it emerges from the text itself.
Seif
Topic
Psak (anchored in the text)
1
ריחא מילתא / לאו מילתא
One does not roast kosher + forbidden in one oven, even without contact; but be-di'avad permitted (even fat forbidden / lean permitted). Large open-mouthed oven, or one covered → permitted le-chatchila (without contact). Rama: likewise meat-milk (strict le-chatchila even large oven, lenient be-di'avad even small oven). Exceptions where ריחא מילתא (forbidden even be-di'avad): davar charif; even one מחבת uncovered; for some, a prohibition be-mashehu (chametz on Pesach). 60 against the forbidden nullifies — for a loss.
2
הבישול בקדירה
All this applies to a roast; but cooking in a pot, each on its own → permitted even in a small closed oven, even with the pots' mouths uncovered — for the pot separates. Rama: only if the oven is slightly open; sealed on all sides (Shabbat הטמנה) → forbidden; be-di'avad יש מחמירין if forbidden and permitted are uncovered; great loss → lenient.
3
המרדה (the baker's peel)
Forbidden fat on the peel (מרדה) → forbidden to place permitted on it all day (בת יומא); not בת יומא → permitted, for אי אפשר בעניין אחר. Rama: while בת יומא, neither הגעלה nor קליפה helps for a craftsman's utensil.
4
פת חמה על חבית יין
Hot bread placed on an open barrel of יין נסך → forbidden (only facing the bung, מגופה). Cold bread, or hot bread on a stopped barrel → permitted. Barley bread (more absorbent) → forbidden hot even with the barrel stopped.
5
להריח / לטעום / לזלף
Permitted to draw in by mouth the smell of יין נסך (through a hole) to test it. Rama: forbidden to taste it even without swallowing (Rivash); forbidden to sprinkle (לזלף) wine forbidden for benefit; permitted to sprinkle סתם יינם (permitted for benefit).
6
בשמים מתוך כלי של יין
A bag of pepper and ginger placed in jars of יין נסך → permitted to smell them; but the בשמים of Havdala → forbidden.
7
בשמים האסורים בהנאה
The בשמים of idolatry (ע״ז), of כלאי הכרם and of ערלה → forbidden to smell them (forbidden for benefit, עומדים להריח).
כלל הפסק של הסימן : ריחא לאו מילתא — הריח לבדו אינו אוסר, ולכן בדיעבד מותר ולכתחילה אין צולין איסור והיתר יחד. ויש שלושה שערים שבהם ריחא מילתא ואסור אף בדיעבד: דבר חריף, מחבת אחת מגולים, ואיסור במשהו (לחלק מהפוסקים). וכל היתר תלוי בתנאי: תנור גדול ופתוח, או האחד מכוסה, ובכל מקרה שלא יגעו זה בזה.
3. ריחא לאו מילתא — be-di'avad permitted, le-chatchila one refrains
אין צולין בשר כשרה עם בשר נבילה או של בהמה טמאה בתנור אחד, ואף על פי שאין נוגעים זה בזה ; ואם צלאן הרי זה מותר, ואפילו היתה האסורה שמנה הרבה והמותרת רזה.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ח:א · על פי פסחים עו ע״ב ועבודה זרה סו ע״ב, ריחא לאו מילתא
The Mehaber and the Rama. For the Mehaber, the basic rule is ריחא לאו מילתא: one refrains le-chatchila (אין צולין), but be-di'avad it is permitted (ואם צלאן הרי זה מותר). The Rama (הגה) extends the rule to meat-milk (בב״ח): the custom is strict le-chatchila even in a large oven, and lenient be-di'avad even in a small oven. The Shach (s.k. 2) formulates the principle: ריחא לאו מילתא בדיעבד.
"having another bread" = le-chatchila (Rama). The Rama gives a practical measure of le-chatchila / be-di'avad: if one baked bread with meat, it is forbidden to eat it with milk as long as one has another bread; likewise for bread baked by a non-Jew with a prohibited item, forbidden to buy it if there is another bread. But if there is no other bread readily → both are permitted (this is "be-di'avad" in this respect). The Shach (s.k. 11) notes: a small bread (where there is a heker) is less severe than a large bread.
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 2): the Chinuch Beit Yehuda (62) on "זה אחר זה" (one after another, below seif 1) — he is lenient only if the second time too is by smell; but if it is by contact, it is forbidden. A detail that weighs le-ma'asse for reused ovens.
Le-ma'asse (the basic rule). Remember: ריחא לאו מילתא — le-chatchila one does not cook forbidden and permitted (nor meat and milk) in one oven; be-di'avad, if already done, it is permitted (apart from the exceptions below). "Having another bread" tips into le-chatchila (the strict side). Knowing whether you are in a le-chatchila or be-di'avad situation, and whether a charif is involved, is a factual question — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
4. היתרי הלכתחילה — large open oven, one covered, no contact
ואם היה התנור גדול ופיו פתוח, מותר לכתחילה לצלותן, ובלבד שלא יגעו זה בזה ; ואם היה אחד מהם מכוסה בקערה או בבצק וכיוצא בזה, מותר לצלותן אפילו בתנור קטן ופיו סתום.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ח:א
Condition
Detail
Status
Source
Large oven (12 עשרונים) with open mouth
And they do not touch
Permitted le-chatchila
Mehaber s.1; Taz s.k. 2 (large and open)
One covered (dish, dough…)
Even a small closed-mouth oven
Permitted le-chatchila
Mehaber s.1
Small closed oven, both uncovered
—
Forbidden le-chatchila; be-di'avad permitted
Mehaber s.1; Rama (יש אומרים)
Loss (הפסד)
Fully closed oven
Be-di'avad do not be strict
Rama
"large AND open" (Taz s.k. 2). The Taz stresses that both conditions are needed together: a large oven and open-mouthed; one of the two alone does not suffice for le-chatchila. The Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 1) specifies the measure of "large oven" — 12 עשרונים (Yad Eliyahu, Pri Megadim, referring to siman 97 on the meat-milk oven).
The view of the יש אומרים (Rama). The Rama reports a יש אומרים that one does not permit ריחא even be-di'avad unless the oven is slightly open on the side or top, where the smoke escapes. The Shach (s.k. 9) adds: for a davar charif or something made to give off a smell (עשוי להריח), ריחא מילתא even if the oven is open on the side. But in case of loss, the Rama does not align with this stringency, even with a fully closed oven.
Le-ma'asse (the permissions). To roast le-chatchila two things in one oven, you need either a large open-mouthed oven (and no contact), or that one be covered (a dish or a dough suffices); then even a small closed oven is permitted. Recognizing a "large" oven (12 עשרונים), "open," or a valid covering is a factual question — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
The three gateways where smell forbids even be-di'avad (Rama, seif 1)
Davar charif (sharp/spicy): if the forbidden item is charif — and all the more so if the permitted one is charif — ריחא מילתא: forbidden even be-di'avad if both are uncovered. But if one is covered, even by mere dough → permitted. The Shach (s.k. 9): charif / עשוי להריח → מילתא even with the oven open on the side.
Under one pan (מחבת) uncovered: cooking / roasting forbidden and permitted under one cover uncovered → forbidden even be-di'avad (like a pot's lid, siman 93). Likewise bread with meat → forbidden with milk.
One after another (זה אחר זה): no concern — unless the pan "sweated" from both (זיעה), then forbidden even one after another if uncovered. The Shach (s.k. 12): זה אחר זה — no פיטום to the utensil.
Prohibition be-mashehu (chametz on Pesach):יש אומרים that a prohibition that forbids be-mashehu (chametz on Pesach), ריחא forbids even be-di'avad in a small closed oven, uncovered; ויש אומרים there is no distinction; in case of loss → rely on the lenient (see siman 118).
הכרעה (the ruling). As a general rule ריחא לאו מילתא (be-di'avad permitted). But one is strict even be-di'avad in three cases: davar charif (sharp), one pan / cover uncovered, and — for some — a prohibition be-mashehu. In all these cases, covering one of the two (even with dough) restores the permission. The Taz (s.k. 5): forbidden even be-di'avad if both are uncovered (like hot bread on the wine barrel, below seif 4).
The 60 against the forbidden (Rama; Shach s.k. 13). The Rama reports a יש אומרים: wherever ריחא forbids be-di'avad, this is only if there is no 60 of permitted against the forbidden; but if there is 60 (even in the whole oven), it nullifies — for a loss, do so. The Shach (s.k. 13): ריחא is like other prohibitions for the צירוף of the 60 (siman 111) — without loss, each piece needs its own 60; with loss, they all combine. The Taz (s.k. 6): כל הנכנס בספק מסייע לבטל.
Le-ma'asse (the strict exceptions). Beware of a davar charif (sharp: onion, garlic, lemon, condiments): with it the smell forbids even be-di'avad. Likewise when forbidden and permitted are under one cover uncovered. The remedy: cover one of the two. For a loss, one relies on the 60. Classifying a food as charif, measuring the 60, judging a "great" loss, are factual questions — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
6. הבישול בקדירה, והמרדה — the pot separates, and the peel
לא אמרו אלא בצלי, אבל אם בא לבשלן בקדירה כל אחד בפני עצמו, מותר אפילו בתנור קטן וסתום, ואפילו פי הקדירות מגולה. [הגה: ודוקא שהתנור פתוח קצת.]
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ח:ב
The pot separates (seif 2; Shach s.k. 16). The whole siman spoke of the roast (bare). But cooking in a pot (each its own) → permitted even in a small closed oven, even if the mouths of the pots are uncovered: the pot forms a barrier to the smell. The Shach (s.k. 16) brings the proof from the Beit Yossef. Rama: only if the oven is slightly open; if it is sealed on all sides as one buries the cholent for Shabbat (הטמנה) → forbidden; and even be-di'avad יש מחמירין if forbidden and permitted are uncovered; in case of great loss → be lenient.
The baker's peel (seif 3; Taz s.k. 7-8). If there is forbidden fat on the peel (מרדה), it is forbidden to place permitted food on it all day (as long as it is בת יומא); but when it is not בת יומא, one may use it le-chatchila, for אי אפשר בעניין אחר (impossible otherwise — one cannot have the non-Jew make a new peel). The Taz (s.k. 7): the fat forbids only the first bread, and חד בתרי בטל even for a חתיכה הראויה להתכבד (since it is an איסור בלוע); Maharshal → 60. Rama: while בת יומא, neither הגעלה nor קליפה helps for a craftsman's utensil (ליבון required, siman 121).
Taz (s.k. 8) on אי אפשר בעניין אחר: one is lenient with the non-בת יומא peel because it is impossible to have the non-Jew make a new peel each time — this is the engine of the permission, not a general leniency for craftsmen's utensils that are בת יומא.
Le-ma'asse (pot and peel). Cooking in a pot (rather than bare) forms a barrier to the smell: permitted even in a small closed oven, except a fully sealed oven (הטמנה). A peel (or craftsman's utensil) impregnated with a prohibition is forbidden while it is בת יומא; after a day, one uses it. Knowing whether the oven is "slightly open" or "sealed," and whether the utensil is בת יומא, is a factual question — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
7. פת חמה על חבית יין — hot bread on the wine barrel
פת חמה שהניחה על פי חבית של יין נסך — אסורה ; והוא שהניחה כנגד המגופה. ואם הפת צוננת, אפילו החבית פתוחה, או שהפת חמה והחבית סתומה — מותר. ואם היתה פת שעורים, אסורה אם הפת חמה אפילו החבית סתומה.
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ח:ד
Case
State of bread / barrel
Status
Hot bread, open barrel, facing the bung (מגופה)
The bread draws in the wine's smell
Forbidden
Cold bread, even open barrel
No drawing-in
Permitted
Hot bread, stopped (closed) barrel
The smell does not escape
Permitted
Barley bread hot, barrel even stopped
Barley is more absorbent
Forbidden
Hot bread draws in the smell (Shach s.k. 21-22).Hot bread draws in the smell of the wine through the bung → forbidden (but only placed facing the bung, מגופה). The Shach (s.k. 21-22): it is forbidden even for סתם יינם (permitted for benefit), for this smell lodging in the bread is like eating — it is no longer mere "smell," but actual ingestion. This is the most concrete illustration of a case where the smell becomes substantial.
Le-ma'asse (the hot bread). A hot and absorbent food (bread, especially barley) placed on an open vessel of a forbidden liquid draws in its smell to the point that it is as though one ate it → forbidden. Cold, or a closed vessel → permitted. Assessing "hot," "facing the opening," "absorbent," is a factual question — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
מותר לשאוף בפיו ריח יין נסך דרך נקב שבחבית לידע אם הוא טוב. [הגה: אבל אסור לטעמו אף על פי שאינו בולעו ; ואסור לזלף יין נסך שהוא אסור בהנאה, ומותר לזלף סתם יינם שהוא מותר בהנאה.]
— שולחן ערוך יו״ד ק״ח:ה
Three acts, three statuses
Smelling (להריח) — permitted: it is permitted to draw in by mouth the smell of יין נסך through a hole in the barrel to know whether it is good. No forbidden benefit: smell alone, for testing, is not a prohibited enjoyment.
Tasting (לטעום) — forbidden: it is forbidden to taste it even without swallowing (Rama in the name of the Rivash). The Shach (s.k. 24): every forbidden food is forbidden to taste, even spat out.
Sprinkling (לזלף) — depends on the wine: forbidden to sprinkle יין נסך (forbidden for benefit) — for זילוף is a full benefit; but permitted to sprinkle סתם יינם (permitted for benefit). The Shach (s.k. 25): the זילוף is a benefit, so only wine forbidden for benefit is at stake.
Smelling spices from a jar (seif 6; Shach s.k. 26). A bag of pepper and ginger placed in jars of יין נסך → it is permitted to smell them (the spices flavor the wine, not the reverse). But the בשמים of Havdala → forbidden to use this pepper, because of הקריבהו נא לפחתך (one does not offer for a mitzva what one would not offer to a governor). The Taz (s.k. 10) debates its category (בשמים / תבלין) for Havdala.
Smelling things forbidden for benefit (seif 7; Shach s.k. 27). The בשמים of idolatry (ע״ז), of כלאי הכרם and of ערלה → forbidden to smell them. The Shach (s.k. 27): these are prohibitions of benefit, and they are עומדים להריח (designated for smelling, like a rose or a הדס) — smelling here is a forbidden enjoyment (the sugya of Sukka 37, הדס / אתרוג).
עומד להריח of a non-benefit prohibition (PT s.k. 5)
The Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 5) reports a machloket about what is עומד להריח but comes from a prohibition not forbidden for benefit: the Shaar Efraim forbids smelling it, while the Emunat Shmuel permits — disputing the Shach (s.k. 27). A machloket to know, not to decide on one's own.
Pitchei Teshuva (s.k. 3): the Shaar HaMelech on snuff tobacco (טאב״ק) of a non-Jew, sometimes sprinkled with סתם יינם — it is permitted to inhale it (בת תיהא; ספק 60; סתם יינם is rabbinic). A practical point for tobacco / snuff.
Le-ma'asse (smelling / tasting).Smelling a forbidden item to test it is generally permitted (except the בשמים of a benefit-forbidden item: ע״ז, ערלה, כלאי הכרם, and the Havdala spices); tasting a forbidden food is forbidden even without swallowing (Rivash). Sprinkling (זילוף) follows the "forbidden for benefit" status. Knowing whether a fragrance / food is a benefit-forbidden item is a factual question — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
9. פסיקת הספרדים בזמננו — contemporary Sephardic psika
Methodological note. The responsa that follow (Yabia Omer, Yechave Daat, Yalkut Yossef, Or LeTzion) extend the principles of siman 108 above to modern cases. They do not appear in the siman's corpus; they are cited as recognized streams of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav before any application.
Contemporary Sephardic psika (the school of Rav Ovadia Yossef, Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul) starts exactly from the Mehaber's framework: ריחא לאו מילתא → be-di'avad permitted, le-chatchila one refrains; the permissions (large open oven, one covered); and the exceptions (charif, one pan, prohibition be-mashehu). On the smell of forbidden items, the Sephardic stream tends to follow the letter of the Mehaber and rely on the 60 in case of loss, as the Shach (s.k. 13) and the Taz (s.k. 6) recall.
Concrete case
Sephardic orientation (to verify)
Roasting forbidden and permitted in one oven
Be-di'avad permitted (ריחא לאו מילתא); le-chatchila refrain, or large open oven / one covered.
A davar charif involved
Strict even be-di'avad if both uncovered; remedy: cover one.
Loss (הפסד)
Rely on the 60 against the forbidden, even in the whole oven (Shach s.k. 13).
Anchoring in the siman. All this follows from the text: ריחא לאו מילתא (seif 1), the conditions of permission (seif 1), the exceptions charif / מחבת / be-mashehu (seif 1), the pot that separates (seif 2), the hot bread on the barrel (seif 4), smelling / tasting (seifim 5-7). The contemporary responsa apply these rules to today's kitchens.
10. פסיקת האשכנזים — Ashkenazi psika
Methodological note. Same remark: these streams extend the Rama and the nossei kelim; they are cited as landmarks of psika, to be confirmed with a Rav.
Ashkenazi psika starts from the Rama and the acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD). Three traits of the Rama dominate this siman: (1) meat-milk — strict le-chatchila even a large oven, lenient be-di'avad even a small oven; (2) the strict exceptions (charif, one pan uncovered, prohibition be-mashehu) where ריחא מילתא even be-di'avad; (3) the 60 against the forbidden, for a loss. The constant practical remedy: cover one of the two.
Concrete case
Ashkenazi orientation (to verify)
Meat and a dairy dish in one oven
Le-chatchila refrain even a large oven; be-di'avad permitted even a small oven (Rama).
Davar charif
ריחא מילתא even be-di'avad if uncovered; cover one → permitted.
Prohibition be-mashehu (chametz on Pesach)
יש אומרים strict even be-di'avad; loss → rely on the lenient (siman 118).
Peel / craftsman's utensil בת יומא
Neither הגעלה nor קליפה; ליבון required (siman 121).
Chabad — only through real sources. The Shulchan Aruch HaRav does not cover Yoreh De'ah; there is therefore no "Da'at HaRav" on siman 108. For Chabad practice on these questions, one refers to the responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek and to the Sefer HaMinhagim Chabad when they explicitly address a point — and one refrains from attributing to the Admur HaZaken a psak he did not write here.
11. מקרים מודרניים — today's kitchen
How siman 108 illuminates the kitchen. Four tools of the siman serve to decide modern cases: (1) ריחא לאו מילתא, be-di'avad permitted (seif 1); (2) the permissions — large open oven / one covered (seif 1); (3) the exceptions — charif / one pan / be-mashehu (seif 1); (4) the pot that separates (seif 2) and the hot absorbent bread (seif 4).
Modern case
Tool of the siman
Orientation (to confirm with the Rav)
Cooking meat and a dairy dish in one oven (separate shelves / racks)
Seif 1-2 (ריחא; covered; pot)
Le-chatchila refrain (Rama); if each is covered (closed dish / foil) or cooked in a pot → permitted; be-di'avad permitted. A davar charif uncovered → more strict.
Reheating a kosher and a non-kosher dish together
Seif 1 (ריחא; each covered)
Be-di'avad permitted (ריחא לאו מילתא); le-chatchila cover one, or an open oven. Charif uncovered → refrain even be-di'avad.
If each dish is covered, the smell does not transfer → like "one covered." Uncovered and charif → refrain. Widespread practice to require a closed vessel.
Smelling a non-kosher fragrance or food
Seif 5-7 (להריח)
Permitted, except a benefit-forbidden item (ע״ז, ערלה, כלאי הכרם) or the Havdala spices; tasting forbidden (Rivash).
Snuff tobacco sometimes sprinkled with wine
Seif 5; PT s.k. 3
Permitted to inhale it (Shaar HaMelech: בת תיהא, ספק 60, סתם יינם rabbinic).
Le-ma'asse. These situations blend factual questions — large or small oven, open or closed, dishes covered or not, presence of a davar charif, greater or smaller loss — that only your Rav can decide upon seeing the case. The practical rule: reconstruct precisely what is cooking, in which oven, covered or not, and whether there is a charif, then — For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
טבלה — who says what (the nossei kelim of the siman)
Posek
Decisive contribution (anchored in the corpus)
Mehaber (seifim 1-7)
ריחא לאו מילתא and be-di'avad permitted; large open oven / one covered; the pot separates; the מרדה; hot bread on the barrel; smelling / tasting; בשמים forbidden to smell.
Rama (הגה)
Meat-milk (strict le-chatchila, lenient be-di'avad); "having another bread" = le-chatchila; exceptions where ריחא מילתא (charif, one pan, prohibition be-mashehu); 60 against the forbidden for a loss; tasting forbidden (Rivash); זילוף per benefit.
Shach (Siftei Kohen)
s.k. 1: only if one is fat; lean+lean permitted by all; s.k. 2: ריחא לאו מילתא בדיעבד; s.k. 9: charif / עשוי להריח → מילתא even an open oven; s.k. 11: bread forbidden with milk (small/large); s.k. 12: זה אחר זה; s.k. 13: צירוף of the 60 (siman 111); s.k. 21-22: hot bread draws in; s.k. 24-25: tasting / זילוף; s.k. 26-27: smelling.
Taz (Turei Zahav)
s.k. 1: הריח מפטם, lean+lean permitted, bread has no smell; s.k. 2: large and open; s.k. 5: forbidden even be-di'avad if uncovered; s.k. 6: the 60 (כל הנכנס בספק מסייע לבטל); s.k. 7-8: the מרדה (first bread; אי אפשר); s.k. 9: tasting; s.k. 10: the pepper for Havdala.
Pri Megadim (פר״מ)
The measure of "large oven" — 12 עשרונים (reported PT s.k. 1, referring to siman 97).
Pitchei Teshuva (פתחי תשובה)
s.k. 1: 12 עשרונים (Yad Eliyahu, Pri Megadim, siman 97); s.k. 2: זה אחר זה only if by smell (Chinuch Beit Yehuda 62); s.k. 3: snuff tobacco (Shaar HaMelech); s.k. 5: עומד להריח non-benefit (Shaar Efraim forbids / Emunat Shmuel permits).
טבלה — contemporary streams of psika (outside the corpus, to verify)
Sephardic: the school of Rav Ovadia Yossef (Yabia Omer, Yechave Daat), Yalkut Yossef; Or LeTzion (Rav Ben-Tzion Abba Shaul). They extend the Mehaber: ריחא לאו מילתא (be-di'avad permitted), the permissions of a large open oven / one covered, the exceptions of charif and one pan, reliance on the 60 for a loss.
Ashkenazi: acharonim (Chochmat Adam, Aruch HaShulchan YD) and contemporary poskim. They extend the Rama: meat-milk strict le-chatchila, strict exceptions (charif, one pan, prohibition be-mashehu), the remedy of covering one, the 60 for a loss.
Chabad: no Shulchan Aruch HaRav on the YD. One cites only real sources — responsa of the Tzemach Tzedek, Sefer HaMinhagim — when they explicitly address the point.
In essence, remember ריחא לאו מילתא: smell alone does not forbid → be-di'avad permitted, le-chatchila one refrains. This is the grid that resolves most cases.
In practice, to roast le-chatchila: a large open-mouthed oven, or one covered (a dish, foil suffices), and no contact.
Three strict exceptions (forbidden even be-di'avad): davar charif, one pan uncovered, and — for some — a prohibition be-mashehu; the remedy is to cover one, and for a loss one relies on the 60.
And for any real case — size and opening of the oven, covered or not, charif, loss — halakha le-ma'asse goes through your Rav. For the application to your situation, consult your Rav.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ DAAT · הרב יוסף חיים סממה
תלמיד חכם · מעביר שיעורים בהלכה ובחסידות פסק והלכה למעשה בדין שלא לאפות היתר ואיסור בתנור אחד · סימן ק״ח · ⚖️ Level 4 — Halakha le-ma'asse
⚠️ This content is for study purposes. The contemporary streams of psika cited (Sephardic and Ashkenazi) are landmarks, not a personal psak. For any practical application (לְמַעֲשֶׂה), consult a qualified Rav.