The main themes of the Siman
Structure of the Siman — the three seifim
| Seif | Subject | Theme | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| סעיף א | precision of the form of the letters | ✦ heart of the siman | Being precise so no letter changes its form or resembles another ; Rama: כתיבה תמה לכתחילה, but שינה בצורת הכתב אינו פסול. |
| סעיף ב | גולם אחד and נגיעות | מוקף גויל | The נקודה of the א, the יודי״ן of the שי״ן and עי״ן, the back of the צד״י must touch (else פסולין) ; except the ה״א and קו״ף whose leg must not touch the roof (if it touches, פסול). |
| סעיף ג | תגין שעטנ״ז ג״ץ | custom of the sofrim | Crown שעטנ״ז ג״ץ ; the sofrim tag other letters ; if one did not tag — even שעטנ״ז ג״ץ — לא פסל. |
צורת האותיות — the form, the נגיעות and the תגין
| Case | Source | Conduct | Central idea |
|---|---|---|---|
| דקדוק הצורה | Mechaber · seif 1 · Menachot 29 | ✦ כתיבה תמה | No letter changes its form or resembles another ; כתיבה תמה לכתחילה, שינה בצורה not פסול as long as it is recognizable. |
| גולם אחד | Mechaber · seif 2 | נגיעות | The נקודה of the א, the יודי״ן of the שי״ן and עי״ן, the back of the צד״י touch the body of the letter ; one that does not touch is פסולה. |
| ה״א וקו״ף | Mechaber · seif 2 | אין ליגע הרגל בגג | Exception: the leg (רגל) of the ה״א and קו״ף must not touch the roof (גג) ; if it touches, פסול. |
| תגין | Mechaber · seif 3 | שעטנ״ז ג״ץ | Crown שעטנ״ז ג״ץ (the sofrim tag others) ; if one did not tag, לא פסל (not מעכב). |
Frequently asked questions — Siman ל״ו
What must the sofer take care of in the form of the letters, according to Siman 36?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 36:1, one must be precise in writing the letters so that none changes its form (שלא תשתנה צורת שום אחת מהן) or resembles another (ולא תדמה לאחרת). The Rama adds: לכתחילה one writes in כתיבה תמה, the form known to the sofrim ; but if one changed the form of the כתב, it is not פסול as long as the letter remains recognizable.
What does it mean that each letter must be a single body (גולם אחד), according to Siman 36?
According to the Mechaber (Orach Chaim 36:2), each letter must be a single body (גולם אחד). One must therefore take care that the נקודה on the א (formed like a יו״ד) and the one below it, the יודי״ן of the שי״ן and עי״ן, and the back of the צד״י do touch the body of the letter ; one whose strokes do not touch is פסולה. So too for the other letters — except the ה״א and קו״ף, whose leg (רגל) must not touch the roof (גג): if it touches, פסול.
Which letters bear the תגין (crowns), and are they indispensable, according to Siman 36?
According to the Mechaber (Orach Chaim 36:3), one must crown (לתייג) the letters שעטנ״ז ג״ץ, and the sofrim have the custom of tagging other letters. But if one did not tag — even the letters שעטנ״ז ג״ץ — it is not פסול: the תגין are not מעכב bediavad.