Which garments require tzitzit and which are exempt — and it contains 6 seifim: (1) מן התורה, only a garment of linen (פשתים) or of sheep's wool (צמר רחלים) requires tzitzit; the other materials only מדרבנן — and the וי״א that all are deoraita, והכי הלכתא (Tossfot, Rosh, Smag, Mordekhi). (2) Tzitzit of linen or wool exempt all kinds of garments, except linen on wool or wool on linen today — for lack of תכלת — because that would be כלאים; the Rama: some do not make tzitzit of linen at all (Smak). (3) Tzitzit of other materials (שאר מינים) exempt only their own kind: silk for silk, cotton for cotton. (4) On a garment of another material, a mixture of strings of its own kind and of wool or linen → safek. (5) Color: some make the strings the color of the talit (the מדקדקים); the Rama: Ashkenazim make them white even on a colored garment. (6) Hidur: the ירא שמים fulfills the mitzva according to all views (יצא ידי כולם) by making a wool talit, required מן התורה without any doubt; the Rama: failing that, linen+linen is better than neglecting the mitzva. (On leather corners, see Yoreh De'ah סימן ש.)
The 4 levels of study — Siman ט׳, 6 seifim
01
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רמת המתחיל
Level 1 — Beginner & Intermediate
Vocalized Hebrew text of the 6 seifim with a fluent English translation. Pedagogical, sober explanation: wool and linen required מן התורה, the other materials מדרבנן (and the view that all are deoraita — והכי הלכתא), כלאים and תכלת, the color of the strings (white among Ashkenazim), and the הידור of a wool talit. Modern practical cases of choosing the material of the talit and the strings in everyday life.
In-depth pilpul: מן התורה — צמר ופשתים alone or כל המינים? the machloket (Tossfot/Rosh: all deoraita, הכי הלכתא) and the drasha הכנף / צמר ופשתים; the rule of פוטרין (wool/linen exempt all, שאר מינים only במינם); כלאים הותרה בציצית and the gezera of the כסות לילה for lack of תכלת; the color — מנהג אשכנז (לבן) versus the מדקדקים; the הידור of the טלית של צמר. Menachot 39b-43b; Beit Yossef, Mg״A, Taz, Mishna Berura, Beour Halakha.
Structured summary for review and memorization: wool and linen deoraita vs other materials, the rule of פוטרין and שאר מינים במינם, כלאים for lack of תכלת, the color of the strings (white), and the הידור of a wool talit. Conduct le-maaseh in everyday life, with a referral to the Rav for the precise cases (cf. siman 8, 16 and 18).
The Choulhan Aroukh HaRav of the Admour HaZaken on Orach Chaim siman 9 (where the Rav develops 9 seifim): full text and the force of the psak relative to the Mechaber — the drasha of the verses (הכנף / צמר ופשתים), כלאים הותרה בציצית, the gezera tied to the כסות לילה and to תכלת, and conduct בזמן הזה (without תכלת) — for in-depth study, a referral to a Chabad Rav.
Rebuild this siman according to the Rabbanim YOU follow. Choose your Poskim (Rav Ovadia, the Admour HaZaken, the Rebbe, Ben Ish Chai, Mishna Berura, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu…) — Daat AI rebuilds the siman with their opinions, their reasoning, and their disagreements. If your Poskim do not address a point, the AI asks you before expanding.
Only a garment of linen or of sheep's wool is required for tzitzit מן התורה; the view that all materials are deoraita (והכי הלכתא).
פּוֹטְרִין בַּכֹּל
Wool and linen exempt all
Tzitzit of linen or wool exempt all materials — except linen on wool or wool on linen today, for lack of תכלת.
שְׁאָר מִינִים
The other materials
Tzitzit of other materials exempt only their own kind: silk for silk, cotton for cotton, but not a different kind.
כִּלְאַיִם וּתְכֵלֶת
כלאים and תכלת
כלאים is permitted by the תכלת in the tzitzit; today, for lack of תכלת, one no longer mixes linen and wool in the strings and the talit.
צֶבַע הַצִּיצִית
The color of the strings
Some make the strings the color of the talit (the מדקדקים); the Rama: Ashkenazim make them white even on a colored garment.
הִידּוּר טַלִּית שֶׁל צֶמֶר
The hidur of a wool talit
The ירא שמים fulfills the mitzva according to all views (יצא ידי כולם) by making a wool talit, required מן התורה without any doubt.
Structure of the Siman — landmarks in the 6 seifim
Seif
Subject
Theme
Detail
סעיף א
חיוב מן התורה
Wool and linen
מן התורה, only linen or sheep's wool; the other materials מדרבנן. The וי״א: all materials are deoraita, והכי הלכתא (Tossfot, Rosh, Smag, Mordekhi).
סעיף ב-ד
כלל הפטור
פוטרין · כלאים
Linen/wool exempt all, except linen on wool today (כלאים, for lack of תכלת; the Rama: no tzitzit of linen). שאר מינים exempt only במינם. A mixture on another talit → safek.
סעיף ה
צבע הציצית
The color of the strings
The מדקדקים make the strings the color of the talit; the Rama: Ashkenazim make them white even on a colored garment, and one should not change (Terumat haDeshen).
סעיף ו
הידור · ירא שמים
✦ Le-maaseh
The ירא שמים makes a wool talit, required מן התורה without any doubt (יצא ידי כולם); the Rama: failing that, linen+linen is better than neglecting the mitzva (Teshuvot haRosh).
מן התורה — צמר ופשתים or כל המינים
Case
Register
Contribution
Central idea
פשתים / צמר רחלים
Mechaber · pshat
חייב מן התורה
According to the plain sense of the verses, only linen and sheep's wool are required for tzitzit מן התורה; the other materials only מדרבנן.
שאר מינים
וי״א · והכי הלכתא
all are deoraita
Tossfot, Rosh, Smag and Mordekhi: all materials are required מדאורייתא, and that is the halacha (והכי הלכתא) — hence the berakha on any valid talit.
הידור · שו״ע הרב
le-maaseh
✦ Le-maaseh
A wool talit fulfills the mitzva according to all views without any doubt (יצא ידי כולם). The SA HaRav develops the drasha of the verses and כלאים — for in-depth study, see Level 4 and a Chabad Rav.
Frequently asked questions — Siman ט׳
Which garments require tzitzit מן התורה, according to Siman 9?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 9:1, only a garment of linen (פשתים) or of sheep's wool (צמר רחלים) requires tzitzit מן התורה; garments of other materials require it only מדרבנן. There is a view (וי״א) that all materials are required מדאורייתא, and that is the halacha (והכי הלכתא).
Do tzitzit of wool or linen exempt all garments, according to Siman 9?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh (Orach Chaim 9:2), tzitzit of linen or wool exempt all kinds of garments, except linen on wool or wool on linen today — for lack of תכלת — because that would be כלאים. The Rama reports that some do not make tzitzit of linen at all, and this is the custom.
Do tzitzit of other materials exempt any garment, according to Siman 9?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh (Orach Chaim 9:3), tzitzit of other materials (שאר מינים) exempt only their own kind: silk for a silk garment, cotton for a cotton garment; but they do not exempt a different kind.
What color does one make the tzitzit strings, according to Siman 9?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh (Orach Chaim 9:5), some say one must make the tzitzit the color of the talit, and the מדקדקים do so. The Rama reports that Ashkenazim make the tzitzit only white, even on colored garments, and that one should not change.
Should one prefer a wool talit to a linen talit, according to Siman 9?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh (Orach Chaim 9:6), although the halacha does not forbid a linen talit, the ירא שמים fulfills the mitzva according to all views (יצא ידי כולם) by making a talit of sheep's wool, required for tzitzit מן התורה without any doubt. The Rama: if only a linen talit is possible, it is better to make it with linen tzitzit than to neglect the mitzva of tzitzit.