The main themes of the Siman
Structure of the Siman — the כ׳ סעיפים
| Seif | Case | Din | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| א׳ | place & time of breaking | ✦ well-baked spot | One breaks at the best-baked spot ; not a slice too small (looks stingy) nor larger than an egg ; on Shabbat one does not cut before the blessing. |
| ב׳ | the wording of the blessing | המוציא | One recites המוציא לחם מן הארץ ; if many are seated they answer amen ; one pauses between לחם and מן. |
| ג׳ | grasping the bread | before blessing | One does not bless before grasping the bread. |
| ד׳ | both hands on the bread | ✦ ten fingers | One places both hands on the bread, whose ten fingers correspond to the ten mitzvot bound up with bread. |
| ה׳ | salt or a condiment | before breaking | One does not break until salt or a condiment is brought ; if it is fine bread … one need not wait ; and it is a mitzva to bring salt. |
| ו׳ | interruption before eating | no speaking | One eats at once and does not speak between the blessing and eating ; if he spoke he repeats it, unless it was of the meal's matter. |
| ז׳ | Reuven and Yaakov | not an interruption | Reuven who dried his hands and blessed on netilat yadayim after Yaakov's blessing — not an interruption, and he is exempted by Yaakov's blessing. |
| ח׳ | forgot to bless | during the meal | Forgot and ate without blessing — if he recalls during the meal he blesses ; if he finished his meal he does not. |
| ט׳ | doubt whether he blessed | does not repeat | If he is in doubt whether he blessed המוציא or not — he does not repeat the blessing. |
| י׳ | a different wording | ✦ he has fulfilled | If he blessed שהכל … or said בריך רחמנא מלכא מארי דהאי פיתא — he has fulfilled his obligation. |
| י״א | one blesses for all | reclining / fixed setting | Two or many — one blesses for all, but only when reclining (הסבו) ; for us, sitting at one table or one cloth is a fixed setting. |
| י״ב | they were riding | they join | Riding and they said 'let us eat' — they join since they halted in one place ; but eating while walking or scattered — no. |
| י״ג | intent to exempt | they fulfilled | Even without a fixed setting — if the one who blesses intended to exempt them and they intended to be exempted, they fulfilled. |
| י״ד | who breaks the bread | ✦ greatest / host | If the guests are many, the greatest among them breaks ; and if a host is with them, he breaks, even if the guest is greater. |
| ט״ו | may not taste | until the בוצע tastes | The guests may not taste until the בוצע tastes ; on Shabbat lechem mishneh is needed before the guests. |
| ט״ז | answering amen | until amen ends | The בוצע may not break the bread until the amen is completed from the mouths of the majority who answer. |
| י״ז | reaching to the dish | the בוצע first | The בוצע extends his hand first to the dish ; and if he wishes to honor one greater than him, he may. |
| י״ח | the order of distribution | a slice before each | The בוצע places a slice before each ; and he does not put it into the eater's hand unless he was a mourner (אבל). |
| י״ט | one who does not eat | cannot exempt | One who does not eat cannot bless המוציא to exempt the eaters ; but for children he may bless, to train them. |
| כ׳ | even on Shabbat | ✦ if he does not eat | Even on Shabbat his fellow does not bless המוציא for him if he does not eat ; and one eats first the slice on which he broke bread. |
בציעת הפת — the conduct in practice
| Case | Source | Conduct | Central idea |
|---|---|---|---|
| בציעת הפת | Mechaber · seif 1 | ✦ well-baked | One breaks at the best-baked spot, a slice neither too small nor larger than an egg. |
| שתי ידים על הפת | Mechaber · seif 4 | ten fingers | One places both hands — ten fingers for the ten mitzvot bound up with bread. |
| לא ישיח בין ברכה לאכילה | Mechaber · seif 6 | eat at once | No speech between the המוציא and the first bite, otherwise one must repeat the blessing. |
| מי הוא הבוצע | Mechaber · seif 14 | the host | The greatest breaks the bread ; but the host breaks it even before a greater guest. |
| סדר הטעימה | Mechaber · seifim 15-16 | after the בוצע | One does not taste before the בוצע, and he does not break bread before the majority's amen ends. |
Frequently asked questions — Siman קס״ז
At what spot of the bread, and of what size, does one cut the slice according to Siman 167?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 167:1, בוצע בפת במקום שנאפה היטב — one breaks the bread at the best-baked spot ; one cuts the slice so that שאם יאחוז בפרוסה יעלה שאר הככר עמו (if he grasps it, the rest of the loaf rises with it). One does not cut a slice too small, מפני שנראה כצר עין, nor larger than an egg, מפני שנרא׳ כרעבתן. On Shabbat, לא יחתוך בככר עד אחר הברכה, so the loaves remain whole.
Who recites the המוציא and breaks the bread when several are present according to Siman 167?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 167:14, אם המסובין רבים גדול שבכלם בוצע — if the guests are many, the greatest among them breaks the bread ; ואם יש עמהם בע״ה הוא בוצע ואפי׳ אם האורח גדול — but if there is a host (בעל הבית) with them, he breaks the bread, even if the guest is greater.
May one speak between the blessing on the bread and the first bite according to Siman 167?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 167:6, יאכל מיד ולא ישיח בין ברכה לאכילה ואם שח צריך לחזור ולברך — one eats immediately and does not speak between the blessing and eating ; and if he spoke, he must repeat the blessing, אא״כ היתה השיחה … מענין דברים שמברכין עליו (unless the speech was of the matter concerning what he blessed, such as saying 'bring the salt').