The main themes of the Siman
Structure of the Siman — the י״ז סעיפים
| Seif | Case | Din | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| א׳ | a whole loaf and pieces | ✦ on the whole one | Pieces and a whole loaf of one kind — one blesses on the whole one, even coarse and small ; and if the whole is barley and the pieces wheat, one places the piece under the whole and breaks both. |
| ב׳ | two whole loaves / two halves | on the larger | Two whole loaves of one kind — on the larger ; and two half-loaves he joins with wood, its law like a whole loaf, even on Shabbat. |
| ג׳ | rolls stuck together | appears whole | Two rolls stuck together, one of which was cut — better to separate the piece so the whole one looks whole ; and not to break at the joint. |
| ד׳ | seven species & fine bread | ✦ barley / the fine one | Barley bread and spelt bread — on the barley, of the seven species ; fine and coarse — on the fine ; both fine — on the whiter one. |
| ה׳ | the bread of a non-Jew | set aside until after the blessing | Fine pat akum and coarse Jewish bread — if not scrupulous he blesses on whichever ; if scrupulous he removes the pat akum until after the blessing. |
| ו׳ | pat haba'a bekisnin | borei minei mezonot | Pat haba'a bekisnin — mezonot and me'ein shalosh ; and if he ate the quantity on which others fix a meal — hamotzi and Birkat haMazon. |
| ז׳ | defining pat haba'a bekisnin | ✦ the halakha is like all | Some say filled bread ; some say dough kneaded with honey or spice ; some say dry bread one nibbles ; and the halakha is like all of them. |
| ח׳ | small loaves | full bread / mezonot | Oblias with thick batter — full bread, hamotzi ; niblas with thin batter and very thin — mezonot, and if he fixed a meal, hamotzi. |
| ט׳ | less than a kezayit | hamotzi but not after | Full bread even less than a kezayit — one blesses hamotzi ; but afterward one blesses nothing as long as he has not eaten a kezayit. |
| י׳ | chavitza | ✦ kezayit & form of bread | Chavitza — bread crumbs ; if cooked and there is a kezayit — hamotzi even without form of bread ; if no kezayit — by the form of bread. |
| י״א | crumbs in water | the form departs | Crumbs placed in water that turns white from them — the form of the bread has departed, one blesses mezonot and me'ein shalosh. |
| י״ב | bread soaked in wine | mezonot | Bread soaked in wine — mezonot and me'ein shalosh ; and only for crumbs or slices with no kezayit in each. |
| י״ג | cooked or fried dough | ✦ after the baking | Thick dough cooked or fried — no hamotzi even if it has form of bread ; and some disagree, and the custom is lenient, and the God-fearing fulfills both. |
| י״ד | chalut baked in an oven | hamotzi | Chalut then baked in an oven — full bread, hamotzi ; likewise thin batter baked without liquid, but fried in liquid it is not bread. |
| ט״ו | trokanin and trita | mezonot / hamotzi | Trokanin baked in a hollow of the stove — mezonot, and if he fixed a meal, hamotzi ; but trita poured on the stove — mezonot even if he fixed a meal. |
| ט״ז | nahama dehindeka | ✦ borei minei mezonot | Bread baked on a spit and greased with oil or egg-water, and bread for kutach baked in the sun — borei minei mezonot. |
| י״ז | pashtida | hamotzi | Pashtida baked in the oven with meat or fish or cheese — hamotzi and Birkat haMazon ; only without liquid, but baked in a pan with liquid, within the meal. |
על איזה מיני פת מברכין — the conduct in practice
| Case | Source | Conduct | Central idea |
|---|---|---|---|
| פת שלם וחתיכות | Mechaber · seif 1 | ✦ on the whole one | One blesses on the whole loaf, even coarser or smaller than the pieces. |
| פת נקיה ומין ז׳ | Mechaber · seif 4 | barley / the fine one | Barley bread (of the seven species) and fine bread take precedence. |
| פת הבאה בכיסנין | Mechaber · seif 6 | borei minei mezonot | Mezonot — unless one makes it a real meal (kevi'ut), and then hamotzi. |
| תואר לחם וכזית | Mechaber · seifim 9-12 | by the kezayit and the form | The blessing depends on the kezayit and the retained "form of bread." |
| עיסה שבשלה או טגנה | Mechaber · seifim 13-14 | after the baking | Cooked or fried = mezonot ; baked in an oven without liquid = hamotzi. |
Frequently asked questions — Siman קס״ח
On a whole loaf or on pieces, on which does one recite the blessing according to Siman 168?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 168:1, היו לפניו חתיכות של פת ופת שלם … מברך על השלם — one blesses on the whole loaf, even if it is פת קיבר (coarse) and small and the pieces are פת נקיה (fine) and large. But if the whole one is barley and the pieces wheat, מניח הפרוסה תחת השלימה ובוצע משתיהן יחד — one places the piece under the whole loaf and breaks both together.
Which blessing does one recite on pat haba'a bekisnin according to Siman 168?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 168:6, פת הבאה בכיסנין מברך עליו בורא מיני מזונות ולאחריו ברכה מעין שלש — on pat haba'a bekisnin one recites "בורא מיני מזונות" and after it the berakha me'ein shalosh ; but if he ate of it the quantity שאחרים רגילים לקבוע עליו (on which others establish a meal), מברך עליו המוציא וברכת המזון — he recites the המוציא and Birkat haMazon.
How does one who abstains from the bread of a non-Jew act according to Siman 168?
According to the Choulhan Aroukh, Orach Chaim 168:5, פת עכו״ם נקיה ופת קיבר של ישראל — if he is not scrupulous about this, מברך על איזה מהם שירצה (he blesses on whichever he wishes) ; and if he is scrupulous about pat akum, מסלק פת נקי של עכו״ם מעל השלחן עד לאחר ברכת המוציא — he removes the non-Jew's fine bread from the table until after the blessing of the המוציא.