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DAAT · LEVEL 1 — INTRODUCTION

Siman ס״ה · Interrupting or entering during the ק״ש

דין המפסיק בקריאת שמע — one who reads the ק״ש discontinuously (סירוגין) — יצא, even after a long pause and even מחמת אונס ; the Rem"a's gloss (אנוס — חוזר לראש, this is the custom) ; one who enters the synagogue during the congregation's Shema and reads the פסוק ראשון עם הציבור ; and טוב שיקרא עמהם כל ק״ש
סימן ס״ה · ג׳ סעיפים
דין המפסיק בקריאת שמע
🌱 Introductory level · Beginners
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This siman teaches interruption in the ק״ש: reading it סירוגין (discontinuously) — יצא even if he tarried enough to re-read all of it, and even מחמת אונס (the Rem"a: if it was by force majeure, חוזר לראש, and this is the custom) ; one who enters the synagogue during the congregation's Shema reads with them the פסוק ראשון (עול מלכות שמים) ; and it is good to read the whole ק״ש with them (שכר כקורא בתורה). Hebrew text, fluent English translation and explanation of the ג׳ seifim, with a section of practical cases.

Topic: Interrupting or entering during the ק״ש — קראה סירוגין, הנכנס לבה״כ, פסוק ראשון עם הציבור
Source: שולחן ערוך אורח חיים סימן ס״ה · ג׳ סעיפים

Compiled by: רב יוסף חיים סממה
DAAT · daattorah.com

Our Sages taught (משנה ברכות פ״ב): קראה סירוגין — יצא — one who reads the ק״ש discontinuously has fulfilled it, as long as he read the whole text in order. The siman deals with one who interrupts (המפסיק) in the course of his reading, and with one who enters the synagogue while the congregation is reading the ק״ש. We study here at the level of principle; for personal conduct, one refers to the custom and to the ruling of the Rav.

📑 Study outline

A. The ג׳ seifim — קראה סירוגין (séif 1), הנכנס לבה״כ ופסוק ראשון (séif 2), טוב שיקרא עמהם כל ק״ש (séif 3)
1. Practical case — reading discontinuously (סירוגין): יצא, and the Rem"a's gloss on אונס
2. Practical case — entering during the congregation's Shema: reading the פסוק ראשון עם הציבור
3. Practical case — one occupied from ברוך שאמר: saying his words בניגון הצבור
+ Comprehension questions and going further

A. Interrupting or entering during the ק״ש — the ג׳ seifim

הַמַּפְסִיק בִּקְרִיאַת שְׁמַע — one who interrupts the ק״ש — two situations are at play: one who reads discontinuously (סירוגין), that is, he began, paused (in silence or in speech) then returned and finished it — the question being whether he is discharged after a long pause, and the difference when the interruption was מחמת אונס (force majeure) ; and one who has already read the ק״ש and enters the synagogue while the congregation reads it — when and how to join them (פסוק ראשון · עול מלכות שמים).

Séif 1 — קראה סירוגין: reading discontinuously

קראה סירוגין, דהיינו שהתחיל לקרות והפסיק בין בשתיקה בין בדבור וחזר וגמרה, אפילו שהה כדי לגמור את כולה — יצא, אפילו היה ההפסק מחמת אונס. הגה: וי״א דאם היה אנוס והפסיק כדי לגמור את כולה — חוזר לראש, והכי נהוג. ומשערין ענין השהייה לפי הקורא ולא לפי רוב בני אדם.
Séif 1: one who read the ק״ש discontinuously (סירוגין), that is, he began to read, paused (בין בשתיקה בין בדבור, in silence or in speech) then returned and finished it — even if he tarried enough to complete all of it (כדי לגמור את כולה) — he has fulfilled it (יצא), even if the interruption was by force majeure (מחמת אונס). Gloss of the Rem"a: some say that if he was אנוס and paused enough to re-read all of it — he returns to the beginning (חוזר לראש), and this is the custom. And one measures the duration of the pause according to that reader (לפי הקורא) and not according to the majority of people.
The Mechaber's principle: the interruption, in silence or in speech, does not bar — once he returns and finishes, יצא, even after a long pause and even if it was מחמת אונס. The Rem"a adds the gloss: when the interruption was by אונס and lasted כדי לגמור את כולה, some rule he returns to the beginning (חוזר לראש), and this is the custom. Finally, the duration is measured לפי הקורא — by this reader's capacity — and not by the majority of people.

Séif 2 — הנכנס לבית הכנסת: entering during the congregation's Shema

קרא קריאת שמע ונכנס לבית הכנסת ומצא ציבור שקורין קריאת שמע — צריך לקרות עמהם פסוק ראשון, שלא יראה כאילו אינו רוצה לקבל עול מלכות שמים עם חביריו. אבל אם הוא עסוק במקום שאינו רשאי לפסוק, כגון מברוך שאמר ואילך — לא יפסיק, אלא יאמר התיבות שהוא אומר בשעה שהצבור אומרים פסוק ראשון בניגון הצבור.
Séif 2: one who has already read the ק״ש and enters the synagogue and finds the congregation reading the ק״ש — he must read with them the first verse (פסוק ראשון), so as not to appear that he does not wish to accept the yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven (עול מלכות שמים) with his fellows. But if he is occupied where he may not interrupt — for example from « ברוך שאמר » onwards — he does not interrupt; rather he says the words he is saying, at the time the congregation says the first verse, using the congregation's melody (בניגון הצבור).
Although he has already been discharged, he reads the first verse with the congregation — so as not to appear to refuse עול מלכות שמים עם חביריו. The same applies if he is occupied with supplications or verses where one may interrupt. But if he is where one may not interrupt (from ברוך שאמר), he does not stop: he says the words he is at using the congregation's melody, to appear as if reading with them.

Séif 3 — טוב שיקרא עמהם כל ק״ש: reading the whole Shema with them

קרא קריאת שמע ונכנס לבית הכנסת ומצא ציבור שקוראין קריאת שמע — טוב שיקרא עמהם כל קריאת שמע ויקבל שכר כקורא בתורה. הגה: אבל אינו חייב רק בפסוק ראשון כמו שנתבאר.
Séif 3: one who has already read the ק״ש and enters the synagogue and finds the congregation reading the ק״ש — it is good that he read with them the whole ק״ש and he will receive a reward like one who reads the Torah (שכר כקורא בתורה). Gloss of the Rem"a: but he is only obligated in the first verse (אינו חייב רק בפסוק ראשון), as was explained (in séif 2).
Beyond the minimal obligation there is a praiseworthy conduct: to read the whole ק״ש with the congregation — and to receive for it a reward like one who reads the Torah. The Rem"a clarifies the measure of the obligation: only the first verse is required (as in séif 2); the rest is a fine conduct, not an obligation.
The siman in one sentence: one who reads the ק״ש discontinuously (סירוגין) — יצא, even after a long pause and even מחמת אונס (the Rem"a: if it was by אונס, חוזר לראש, this is the custom, ומשערין לפי הקורא) ; one who enters the synagogue during the congregation's Shema reads with them the פסוק ראשון (עול מלכות שמים), and from ברוך שאמר he says his words בניגון הצבור ; and it is good to read the whole ק״ש with them (שכר כקורא בתורה), but אינו חייב רק בפסוק ראשון.

Practical cases

Case 1 — Reading discontinuously (סירוגין)

Situation: he began the ק״ש, paused (in silence or in speech), then returned and finished it. Is he discharged?
Conduct: according to the Mechaber, יצא — even after a long pause and even מחמת אונס. But the Rem"a teaches that when the interruption was by אונס and lasted כדי לגמור את כולה, the custom is to return to the beginning (חוזר לראש), and one measures the duration by this reader. For the practical application, one follows one's Rav.

Case 2 — Entering during the congregation's Shema

Situation: he has already read the ק״ש, enters the synagogue and finds the congregation reading it. Should he join them?
Conduct: he reads with them the first verse, so as not to appear to refuse עול מלכות שמים with his fellows. The same applies if he is occupied with supplications or verses where one may interrupt. But if he is where one may not interrupt (from ברוך שאמר), he does not stop: he says his words using the congregation's melody. For the details, one follows one's Rav.

Case 3 — Reading the whole Shema with them

Situation: he is already discharged, but wishes to join the congregation fully. May he read the whole ק״ש with them?
Conduct: it is good (טוב) to read the whole ק״ש with them — he receives שכר כקורא בתורה. But the strict obligation covers only the first verse (הגה: אינו חייב רק בפסוק ראשון); the rest is a fine conduct. For borderline cases, one follows one's Rav.

Comprehension questions

Check your understanding:
  1. What is reading the ק״ש סירוגין, and why is one discharged even after a long pause (séif 1)?
  2. What is the Rem"a's gloss when the interruption was מחמת אונס, and how is the duration measured?
  3. Why does one who has already read the ק״ש nonetheless read the פסוק ראשון with the congregation (séif 2)?
  4. What does one occupied from ברוך שאמר do while the congregation says the first verse?
  5. What reward does one who reads the whole ק״ש with them receive, and to what does the obligation come down (séif 3)?

Going further

If you wish to deepen this siman:
Continue to the next simanSiman 66 →
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DAAT · רב יוסף חיים סממה

סימן ס״ה · ג׳ סעיפים · Level 1 — Introduction
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