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DAAT · LEVEL 1 — INTRODUCTION

Siman שפ״ב · 20 seifim of the Shulchan Aruch

A non-Jew's dwelling in the courtyard, and renting his domain — to discover and understand
סימן שפ״ב
אם דירת עכו״ם מעכב׳ בעירובו
🌱 Beginner Level · מתחילים
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First approach to Siman שפ״ב: complete Hebrew text of the Mechaber and of the glosses of the Rema, English translation, pedagogical explanations of the halachic concepts, practical cases and synthesis.

Topic: a non-Jew's dwelling in the courtyard — when it forbids the Jews to carry, and renting his domain (sechiras reshus): its form, its price, its period, and from whom one rents
Source: שולחן ערוך אורח חיים סימן שפ״ב (20 seifim in the Shulchan Aruch, with glosses of the Rema; 23 in the Shulchan Aruch HaRav in the text Sefaria serves, studied at Level 4)

Compiled by: רב יוסף חיים סממה
DAAT · daattorah.com

📑 Study Plan

1. The Shulchan Aruch text — the 20 seifim of the Mechaber, with the glosses of the Rema
2. General context: why this siman, what is the question?
3. Key halachic concepts of this siman
4. Detail of the seifim — one by one
5. The Mishnah Berurah — first entries
6. Position of the Rema — his glosses, and the views the Mechaber records
7. Modern practical cases
8. Practical synthesis and rules to remember
9. Comprehension questions

1. The Shulchan Aruch text

Siman שפ״ב contains 20 seifim of the Mechaber (Rabbi Yosef Karo). Sefaria also prints passages in small type in it: glosses of the Rema (Rabbi Moshe Isserles), introduced by the word הגה, in seifim א, יד, טו, יח and כ; and, without that word, in seifim ה, ו, יא and טז, passages that the text does not expressly attribute to the Rema. Topic of the siman, according to its title: whether a non-Jew's dwelling hinders the eruv. The Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe has 23 seifim for this siman in the text Sefaria serves: its numbering is that of Level 4, not of this page.

Seif א

אם דירת עכו״ם מעכב' בעירובו. ובו כ סעיפים:
הדר עם העכו״ם בחצר אינו אוסר עליו עד שיהיו שני ישראלים דרים בשני בתים ואוסרים זה על זה אז העכו״ם אוסר עליהם ואינו מועיל שיבטל העכו״ם רשותו אלא צריך שישכירו ממנו: הגה ישראל שהשכיר או השאיל ביתו לעכו״ם אינו אוסר עליו דלא השכיר או השאיל לו ביתו כדי שיאסור עליו (המגיד פרק ב') אבל אם הבית של עכו״ם ושכרו ישראל ממנו ועכו״ם דר בבית עמו אין שכירות הבית מועיל לענין שכירות העירוב (א״ז) ישראל שהשאיל או השכיר בית לחבירו (במקום שדרים עכו״ם) אע״פ שיש לו תפיסה בבית לא מהני וצריכים לשכור מעכו״ם (ב״י בשם מצאתי כתוב):
Translation: One who lives with a non-Jew (akum) in a courtyard: [the non-Jew] does not forbid [carrying] to him, until two Jews live in two houses and forbid [carrying] to each other; then the non-Jew forbids them, and it does not help for the non-Jew to renounce his domain: they must rent [his domain] from him. Gloss of the Rema: a Jew who rented or lent his house to a non-Jew: [the non-Jew] does not forbid him, for he did not rent or lend him his house so that he should forbid him [reference as printed: המגיד פרק ב׳]; but if the house belongs to the non-Jew, and a Jew rented it from him, and the non-Jew lives in the house with him, the rental of the house does not count as the rental [required] for the eruv [א״ז]; a Jew who lent or rented a house to his fellow (in a place where non-Jews live), even though he keeps a hold (tefisah) in the house, it does not help, and they must rent from the non-Jew [ב״י בשם מצאתי כתוב].
What this seif says:

Seif ב

אם בטלו הישראלים רשותם לאחד מהם כדי שיחשב כיחידי אצל העכו״ם אינו מועיל:
Translation: If the Jews renounced their domain in favor of one of them, so that he be counted as alone with the non-Jew, it does not help.
What this seif says:

Seif ג

אם אין לעכו״ם דריסת רגל על הישראלים אינו אוסר כגון שני חצירות הפתוחו' זו לזו ואין להם דריסת רגל זה על זה ובחצר א' דר עכ״ם ובחצר א' דרים ב' ישראלים או יותר מכניסין ומוציאין מחצר זו לחצר זו בשבת דרך חלון שביניהם ואין צריך לשכור מהעכו״ם:
Translation: If the non-Jew has no right of passage (derisas regel) over the Jews, he does not forbid; for example, two courtyards open to each other, without a right of passage of one over the other, in one of which a non-Jew lives and in the other two Jews or more: one brings in and takes out [objects] from one courtyard to the other on Shabbos, through the window between them, and there is no need to rent from the non-Jew.
What this seif says:

Seif ד

השוכר מן העכו״ם סתם מועיל וא״צ לפרש לו שהוא להתיר הטלטול וא״צ לכתוב שום כתיבה על השכירו':
Translation: One who rents from the non-Jew without specifying (stam): it works; there is no need to explain to him that it is to permit carrying, nor to write anything about the rental.
What this seif says:

Seif ה

שוכרין מעכו״ם אפילו בפחו' משוה פרוטה ומותר לשכור ממנו בשבת (מרדכי ריש פרק הדר) (וע״ל סימן שפ״ג):
Translation: One rents from a non-Jew even for less than the value of a perutah. In small print, without the word הגה: and it is permitted to rent from him on Shabbos [reference as printed: מרדכי ריש פרק הדר] (and see below siman 383).
What this seif says:

Seif ו

כל זמן שאין העכו״ם חוזר בו מועיל השכירו' ואפילו לזמן מרובה (ואינו יכול לחזור משכירתו עד שיחזור הדמים) (ב״י בשם רש״י פרק הדר):
Translation: As long as the non-Jew does not retract, the rental works, even for a long time. Parenthesis in small print, without the word הגה: (and he cannot retract his rental until he returns the money) [reference as printed: ב״י בשם רש״י פרק הדר].
What this seif says:

Seif ז

אם שכרו מהעכו״ם לזמן ידוע לכשיכלה הזמן צריך לחזור ולשכור שנית וצריך לחזור ולערב דאין עירוב ראשון חוזר וניעור:
Translation: If they rented from the non-Jew for a fixed period, when the period ends one must rent a second time, and one must make the eruv again, for the first eruv does not revive.
What this seif says:

Seif ח

אם שכרו מהעכו״ם לזמן ידוע ובתוך הזמן השכיר העכו״ם דירתו לאחר די בשכירו הראשון:
Translation: If they rented from the non-Jew for a fixed period, and within that period the non-Jew rented his dwelling to another, the first rental suffices.
What this seif says:

Seif ט

חמשה הדרים בחצר אחד שוכר מהעכו״ם בשביל כולם:
Translation: Five who live in one courtyard: [one of them] rents from the non-Jew on behalf of all of them.
What this seif says:

Seif י

אם שכרו ממנו בעל כרחו אינו מועיל אף ע״פ שהיה רגיל להשכיר מקודם:
Translation: If they rented from him against his will, it does not help, even though he used to rent previously.
What this seif says:

Seif יא

אבל מאשתו או משכירו ולקיטו שוכרים אע״פ שהוא מוחה (ושכירו של שכירו ולקיטו של בעל הבית הוא כשכיר בעל הבית עצמו) (ריב״ש סי' תכ״ז):
Translation: But from his wife, or from his hired worker or seasonal worker (sechiro u'lekito), one rents even if he protests. Parenthesis in small print, without the word הגה: (and the hired worker of the householder's hired or seasonal worker is like the hired worker of the householder himself) [reference as printed: ריב״ש סי׳ תכ״ז].
What this seif says:

Seif יב

אם אינו רוצה להשכיר יתקרב לו א' מבני החצר עד שישאיל לו רשותו שיהא לו רשות להניח בו שום דבר דהוי ליה כשכירו ולקיטו ומשכיר שלא מדעת העכו״ם ויש אומרים שאינו צריך להשכיר אלא נותן עירובו ודיו:
Translation: If he does not want to rent, one of the residents of the courtyard should become close to him until he lends him his domain, so that he has the right to put something there; for he is then like his hired or seasonal worker, and he rents [the domain] out without the non-Jew's knowledge. And some say that he need not rent it out, but gives his share of the eruv, and that suffices.
What this seif says:

Seif יג

אם ייחד לו מקום בבית שמשאיל לו כיון שאינו כשלוחו בכל הבית לא מהני:
Translation: If he assigned him a [particular] place in the house he lends him: since he is not like his agent in the whole house, it does not help.
What this seif says:

Seif יד

שכרו משכירו ולקיטו לזמן אע״פ שסילקו תוך הזמן מהיות שכירו ולקיטו מותרים עד תום הזמן אבל אם שכרו ממנו סתם כיון שסילקו נתבטל השכירו': הגה וה״ה אם שכרו מגזבר המלך ונסתלק לגמרי מן המלך אבל אם לא סלקו רק מן הגזברות ועדיין אוכל פרס המלך עדיין מיקרי שכירו ולקיטו ויוכל לשכור ממנו ולכן גם שכירות הראשון עדיין קיים (ב״י בשם תשובת רשב״א):
Translation: If they rented from his hired or seasonal worker for a [fixed] period, even if he dismissed him within the period from being his hired or seasonal worker, they are permitted until the end of the period; but if they rented from him without specifying, once he dismissed him, the rental is void. Gloss of the Rema: and the same applies if they rented from the king's treasurer and he was entirely removed from the king; but if he was removed only from the treasury and still eats the king's allowance (peras), he is still called his hired or seasonal worker, and one may rent from him; and therefore the first rental also still stands [reference as printed: ב״י בשם תשובת רשב״א].
What this seif says:

Seif טו

אם ישראל ועכו״ם דרים בבית א' צריך לשכור מהעכו״ם ולערב עם הישראל: הגה אם יש לכל א' דירה בפני עצמו וה״ה שני (עכו״ם) הדרים בכה״ג בבית אחד צריך לשכור (משניהם) (ב״י בשם הג״א):
Translation: If a Jew and a non-Jew live in one house, one must rent from the non-Jew and make the eruv with the Jew. Gloss of the Rema: if each has a dwelling of his own; and the same applies to two (non-Jews) who live thus in one house: one must rent (from both) [reference as printed: ב״י בשם הג״א].
What this seif says:

Seif טז

אם יש לעכו״ם ה' שכירים או לקיטים ישראלים דרים בביתו אין דירתם חשובה דירה שיאסרו זה על זה (דשכירות של עכו״ם אין אוסר אם שכרו מבעל הבית) (ב״י):
Translation: If the non-Jew has five Jewish hired or seasonal workers living in his house, their dwelling is not counted as a dwelling such that they forbid one another. Parenthesis in small print, without the word הגה: (for the rental [printed word: « שכירות »] of a non-Jew does not forbid, if one rented from the householder) [reference as printed: ב״י]. [The Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק נ״ה, reads « ושכירו »: and his hired worker does not forbid.]
What this seif says:

Seif יז

שתי חצירו' זו לפנים מזו ישראל ועכו״ם בפנימי' וישראל בחיצונה או שישראל ועכו״ם בחיצונה וישראל בפנימי' ואפילו עכו״ם בפנימי' ושני ישראלים בחיצונה אוסר ויש מי שאומר שאפי' עכו״ם בפנימי' וישראל א' בחיצונה אוסר:
Translation: Two courtyards, one inside the other: a Jew and a non-Jew in the inner one and a Jew in the outer one; or a Jew and a non-Jew in the outer one and a Jew in the inner one; and even a non-Jew in the inner one and two Jews in the outer one: he forbids. And there is one who says that even a non-Jew in the inner one and a single Jew in the outer one, he forbids.
What this seif says:

Seif יח

עכו״ם שהשכיר ביתו לחבירו עכו״ם אם נשאר לו שום תפיסה בבי' שיש לו רשות להניח שם שום כלים יכולים לשכור ממנו ואם לא נשאר לו שום תפיס' אם יכול המשכיר לסלק השוכר תוך זמנו יכולים לשכור ממנו ואם לאו אינו מועיל אלא אם כן ישכרו מהשוכר: הגה וה״ה איש א' שיש לו תפיסה בבית יכולין לשכור ממנו דלא גרע משכירו ולקיטו (ב״י בשם ריב״ש סי' תנ״ז):
Translation: A non-Jew who rented his house to a fellow non-Jew: if he keeps some hold (tefisah) in the house — that he has the right to put utensils there —, one may rent from him; and if he keeps no hold at all: if the lessor can remove the lessee within his term, one may rent from him; and if not, it does not help, unless one rents from the lessee. Gloss of the Rema: and the same applies to a person (ish a׳) who has a hold in the house: one may rent from him, for he is no less than a hired or seasonal worker [reference as printed: ב״י בשם ריב״ש סי׳ תנ״ז].
What this seif says:

Seif יט

חצר שישראל ועכו״ם דרים בה ובית א' של ישראל אצל ביתו של זה ואינו פתוח לחצר וחלונו' ביניהם אינו יכול לערב עמו דרך החלון שביניהם כדי להוציא כליו דרך בית שכנו הפתוח לחצר אבל אם פתח פתוח ביניהם מותר ויש מי שאומר דאף אם פתח פתוח ביניהם אסור:
Translation: A courtyard in which a Jew and a non-Jew live; and the house of [another] Jew is next to this one's house, it does not open onto the courtyard, and there are windows between them: he cannot make an eruv with him through the window between them in order to take his utensils out through his neighbor's house, which opens onto the courtyard; but if there is an open doorway (pesach) between them, it is permitted. And there is one who says that even if there is an open doorway between them, it is forbidden.
What this seif says:

Seif כ

חצר שישראל ועכו״ם שרוים בה והיו חלונות פתוחות מבית ישראל זה לבית ישראל זה ועשו עירוב דרך חלונות אף ע״פ שהם מותרים להוציא מבית לבית דרך חלונות הרי הם אסורים להוציא מבית לבית דרך פתחים מפני העכו״ם עד שישכיר: הגה ספינה שיש בה ישראלים רבים ויש להם בתים מיוחדים צריכים לערב ולשכור רשות מן עכו״ם בעל הספינה או להבליעו בשכר הספינה (ב״י בשם שבולי לקט) וע״ל סי' שס״ו ס״ב:
Translation: A courtyard in which Jews and a non-Jew dwell, with windows open from the house of one Jew to the house of the other, and they made the eruv through the windows: although they are permitted to carry from house to house through the windows, they are forbidden to carry from house to house through the doorways (pesachim), because of the non-Jew, until there is a rental [of his domain]. Gloss of the Rema: a ship with many Jews on it, who have separate quarters there: they must make an eruv and rent the domain from the non-Jew who owns the ship, or include it in the fare [reference as printed: ב״י בשם שבולי לקט]; and see above siman 366, seif ב.
What this seif says:

2. General context

What does this siman discuss?

Siman 381 dealt with the renunciation of domain (bitul reshus) between Jews. Siman שפ״ב deals with the non-Jew who lives in the courtyard: when he forbids the Jews to carry (seifim א to ג); renting his domain, its form, its price, its period and from whom one rents (seifim ד to יד); a Jew and a non-Jew in one house (seif טו); the non-Jew's Jewish hired workers (seif טז); two courtyards, one inside the other (seif יז); the non-Jew who rented his house to another (seif יח); houses connected by a window or a doorway (seifim יט and כ).

Why does the non-Jew forbid? The Mishnah Berurah explains on seif א: « דמעיקר הדין דירת עכו״ם אינה חשובה דירה אלא דחכמים גזרו דליאסר עליו כדי שלא ידור עמו וילמוד ממעשיו ולא גזרו אלא בדבר דשכיח דהיינו במקום שדרים כמה ישראלים אבל לא בחד בית דלא שכיח שידור בין העכו״ם דהיו חשודין אש״ד » (משנה ברורה שפ״ב ס״ק א).

The fundamental question: when does a non-Jew's dwelling in the courtyard hinder the Jews' eruv, and what is the remedy? The Mechaber answers that he forbids only if two Jews live in two houses and forbid each other, that his renunciation does not help and that his domain must be rented (seif א); the following seifim detail this rental.

Place in Hilchos Eruvin

In Sefaria's index, the section הלכות עירובין of the Shulchan Aruch begins at siman 345. Siman שפ״ב follows siman שפ״א · 381, whose title, at the head of its seif א, is « דיני המבטל רשותו ועבר והוציא » (שו״ע או״ח שפ״א:א), and precedes siman שפ״ג · 383, whose title, at the head of its seif א, is « כשאין העכו״ם בבית אינו מעכב » (שו״ע או״ח שפ״ג:א). The small-print passage of seif ה itself refers to siman 383, and the Rema's gloss on seif כ to siman 366, seif ב.

3. Key halachic concepts

A few notions structure this siman:

The essential notions of siman שפ״ב:

4. Detail of the seifim — one by one

SeifContent
אThe non-Jew living in the courtyard does not forbid until two Jews live in two houses and forbid each other; then he forbids, his renunciation does not help, and his domain must be rented. Rema: a Jew who rented or lent his house to a non-Jew; a house belonging to the non-Jew; a hold in a house lent or rented to one's fellow does not exempt from the rental.
בIf the Jews renounce their domain in favor of one of them, so that he be alone with the non-Jew, it does not help.
גWithout a right of passage over the Jews, the non-Jew does not forbid: two courtyards open to each other, without a right of passage, the non-Jew in one, two Jews or more in the other — one carries from courtyard to courtyard through the window, without renting.
דAn unspecified rental works, without saying it is for carrying and without writing.
הOne rents even for less than a perutah; in small print: it is permitted to rent on Shabbos (reference to siman 383).
וAs long as the non-Jew does not retract, the rental works, even for a long time; parenthesis: he does not retract the rental without returning the money.
זA rental for a fixed period: when it ends, one must rent again and make the eruv again, for the first eruv does not revive.
חA rental for a fixed period: if, within the period, the non-Jew rents his dwelling to another, the first rental suffices.
טFive residents of one courtyard: one rents on behalf of all.
יA rental against his will does not help, even if he used to rent.
יאFrom his wife, his hired or seasonal worker, one rents even if he protests; parenthesis: the hired worker's hired worker is like the householder's hired worker.
יבIf he refuses to rent, a resident of the courtyard has him lend the right to put something there, becomes like his hired worker and rents it out without his knowledge; some say he need not rent it out and gives his share of the eruv.
יגIf the non-Jew assigns him a place in the house he lends him, it does not help: he is not like his agent in the whole house.
ידA rental from the hired or seasonal worker: for a period, it holds until the end even if he is dismissed; unspecified, it is void once he is dismissed. Rema: the same for the king's treasurer entirely removed; removed only from the treasury, if he still eats the king's allowance, he is still his hired worker.
טוA Jew and a non-Jew in one house: rent from the non-Jew and make the eruv with the Jew. Rema: if each has a dwelling of his own; and two (non-Jews) thus: rent (from both).
טזFive Jewish hired or seasonal workers living in the non-Jew's house do not forbid one another; parenthesis: the rental from the householder suffices.
יזTwo courtyards, one inside the other: a Jew and a non-Jew in the inner one and a Jew in the outer one, or the reverse, and even a non-Jew in the inner one and two Jews in the outer one — he forbids; according to one view, even with a single Jew in the outer one.
יחA non-Jew who rented his house to a fellow non-Jew: if he keeps a hold, one rents from him; if not, if he can remove the lessee within his term, one rents from him; otherwise, from the lessee. Rema: the same for any person who has a hold in the house.
יטThe house of another Jew, adjoining, not opening onto the courtyard where a Jew and a non-Jew live, connected by windows: no eruv through the window to take his utensils out through the neighbor's house; with an open doorway between them, it is permitted; according to one view, even then it is forbidden.
כJews living in a courtyard with a non-Jew, who made the eruv through the windows between their houses: they carry through the windows, but not through the doorways, because of the non-Jew, until there is a rental. Rema: the ship on which Jews have separate quarters.
The heart of the siman: the non-Jew living in the courtyard forbids the Jews to carry only if two Jews live in two houses and forbid each other; his renunciation does not help, his domain must be rented (seif א). The rest of the siman tells how this rental is made, how long it holds, and from whom one may rent when the non-Jew refuses (seifim ד to יד, יח), and in which arrangements of houses and courtyards he forbids (seifim ג, טו to יז, יט and כ).

5. The Mishnah Berurah — first entries

The Mishnah Berurah of Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (Chafetz Chaim) has 77 ס״ק on this siman. Here are the first six, on seif א — to better understand the meaning of the text:

משנה ברורה (א) — (א) אינו אוסר עליו - דמעיקר הדין דירת עכו״ם אינה חשובה דירה אלא דחכמים גזרו דליאסר עליו כדי שלא ידור עמו וילמוד ממעשיו ולא גזרו אלא בדבר דשכיח דהיינו במקום שדרים כמה ישראלים אבל לא בחד בית דלא שכיח שידור בין העכו״ם דהיו חשודין אש״ד:
משנה ברורה (ב) — (ב) בשני בתים - אבל בחד בית אפילו יש כמה אנשים ואוכלים כל אחד בפ״ע כחד חשיבי:
משנה ברורה (ג) — (ג) ואוסרים זע״ז - לאפוקי במקום שאינם אוסרים זה על זה כגון אב ובניו שמקבלים פרס מאתו שאינם צריכים לערוב אפילו הם דרים כל אחד בבית בפני עצמו כדמבואר בסי' ש״ע עיי״ש בזה אין עכו״ם אוסר עליהם וא״צ לשכור רשותו:
משנה ברורה (ד) — (ד) אז העכו״ם אוסר עליהם - שלא יועיל עירובן שמערבין ביניהם עד שישכרו רשות העכו״ם:
משנה ברורה (ה) — (ה) ואינו מועיל וכו' - כמו בישראל שלא עירב עם בני החצר שמבטל רשותו כדי להתיר שאר בני החצר לטלטל כדמבואר בסי' ש״פ והטעם דלא מהני משום דרצו חכמים לארחוקי דירת ישראל מן העכו״ם ולהכי החמירו דאין לו תקנה עד שישכור ממנו ומאחר שהעכו״ם אינו רוצה להשכיר בנקל יתרחק הישראל מלדור עמו כדי שלא יאסור עליו הטלטול:
משנה ברורה (ו) — (ו) אלא צריך שישכירו ממנו - ולענין אם מהני שאלה תלוי בשתי הדעות המבואר בסי״ב ולדעה ראשונה שם לא מהני:

For the full text of the 77 ס״ק, see Sefaria: Mishnah Berurah 382.

6. Position of the Rema

In this siman, the glosses of the Rema (Rabbi Moshe Isserles, הגה) are in seifim א, יד, טו, יח and כ; in seifim ה, ו, יא and טז, Sefaria prints passages in small type without the word הגה. The Mechaber himself records a second view in seifim יב, יז and יט. Here they are, in the order of the seifim.

The glosses of the Rema, and the views the Mechaber records:

7. Modern practical cases

Each situation below ties a case to a named seif; when the situation is a present-day one, the line says so: the site's application, not the words of the source.

SituationQuick analysis
A single Jew shares a courtyard with a non-Jewish neighborSeif א: the non-Jew does not forbid him, « עד שיהיו שני ישראלים דרים בשני בתים ואוסרים זה על זה » (שו״ע או״ח שפ״ב:א). Consult your Rav.
The non-Jewish neighbor refuses to rent out his domainSeif י: a rental against his will does not help. Seif יא: from his wife, his hired or seasonal worker, one rents even if he protests (on renting despite the householder's protest, the commentators diverge: see Level 2, section 4). Seif יב: a resident of the courtyard may have him lend the right to put something there, become like his hired worker and rent it out without his knowledge; some say it then suffices that he gives his share of the eruv — for the practice, see Level 2. Consult your Rav.
The rental was for a fixed period, and the period endsSeif ז: one must rent again and make the eruv again, for the first eruv does not revive. Consult your Rav.
The rental was not made before ShabbosSeif ה, the small-print passage: it is permitted to rent on Shabbos; the Mishnah Berurah writes that one gives him food or an object permitted to be moved, and that money may not be moved (ס״ק כ״ב), and it refers to siman 383: the eruv is then void, and the residents must renounce their domain in favor of one of them. Consult your Rav.
Jews each have their own cabin on a ship whose owner is not JewishThe site's application, the Rema's gloss on seif כ: if one sees them as separate quarters in the sense of the gloss, one must make an eruv and rent from the ship's owner, or include it in the fare; the Mishnah Berurah speaks of two Jews or more, each with a room of his own for eating (ס״ק ע״ה). Whether a present-day cabin is such a quarter is for your Rav to say.
For precise practical cases: the seifim make the rule depend, among other things, on the number of Jews and houses (seif א), on the right of passage (seif ג), on the form and period of the rental (seifim ד to ח, יד) and on the person from whom one rents (seifim יא to יד, יח). For halachah lema'aseh, consult your Rav.

8. Practical synthesis of the Siman

The teachings of Siman שפ״ב:
  1. The non-Jew forbids only if two Jews live in two houses and forbid each other; his renunciation does not help: his domain must be rented (seif א). Renouncing in favor of one of the Jews, so that he be alone with him, does not help (seif ב).
  2. Without a right of passage over the Jews, he does not forbid (seif ג).
  3. The rental works unspecified and without writing (seif ד), even for less than a perutah (seif ה); it works as long as the non-Jew does not retract (seif ו); for a fixed period, when it ends one must rent again and make the eruv again (seif ז), and if he rents his dwelling to another within that period, the first rental suffices (seif ח); one rents on behalf of all the residents (seif ט).
  4. From whom: not against his will (seif י); from his wife, his hired or seasonal worker, even if he protests (seif יא; on renting despite the householder's protest, the commentators diverge: Level 2, section 4); if he refuses, a resident of the courtyard has him lend the right to put something there and rents it out without his knowledge, and some say he then gives his share of the eruv (seif יב); an assigned place does not suffice (seif יג); from the hired worker, a rental for a period holds until its end even if he is dismissed, and an unspecified rental is void once he is (seif יד).
  5. A Jew and a non-Jew in one house: rent from the non-Jew and make the eruv with the Jew (seif טו); the non-Jew's Jewish hired or seasonal workers living in his house do not forbid one another (seif טז).
  6. Two courtyards, one inside the other: he forbids in the cases of the seif, and according to one view even with a single Jew in the outer one (seif יז).
  7. The non-Jew who rented his house to a fellow non-Jew: one rents from him if he keeps a hold, or if he can remove the lessee within his term; otherwise, from the lessee (seif יח).
  8. Houses connected by windows: seifim יט and כ, with the second view of seif יט.
  9. For halachah lema'aseh, consult your Rav.

9. Comprehension questions

Check your understanding:
  1. Why does the non-Jew not forbid a single Jew in the courtyard (seif א; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק א)?
  2. Why does the non-Jew's renunciation not help, and why is a rental needed (seif א; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק ה)?
  3. Why can the Jews not renounce in favor of one of them (seif ב; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק י״ג)?
  4. Why does a rental for less than a perutah suffice with a non-Jew (seif ה; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק כ״א)?
  5. Why must the eruv be made again when a rental for a fixed period ends (seif ז; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק כ״ז)?
  6. Why may one rent from his hired worker even if he protests (seif יא; Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק ל״ד)?
  7. In seif יד, what difference does it make whether the rental from the hired worker is for a period or unspecified?

To go further

If you want to deepen this siman:
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