Orah Haïm קע״ז · Level 4 · שיטת אדמו״ר הזקן

דעת הרב

Level 4 — Daat HaRav (Alter Rebbe) — Siman קע״ז · דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם

The Alter Rebbe’s way on דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם : things that come on account of the meal ; not on account of the meal — fruit ; eating with bread ; establishing upon the fruit ; things after the meal ; and large meals — in the Habad sensibility.

Why a Level 4 devoted to the Alter Rebbe ? The Alter Rebbe’s Shulchan Aruch is not a commentary on the Mehaber (מחבר) — it is a complete, self-standing Shulchan Aruch, written by the Alter Rebbe (Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, founder of Habad, disciple of the Maggid (מגיד) of Mezeritch). Its singularity : it combines halakha (הלכה) + טעמי המצוות + inner dimension in one work, and rules with a unique Talmudic rigor.

For Habad, the Alter Rebbe is הפוסק האחרון — his psak is the deciding authority. This page gathers the Rav’s way on siman קע״ז — דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם, which unfolds in the Rav over ז׳ סְעִיפִים (seven seifim) : from things that come on account of the meal and are discharged by “hamotsi,” to fruit that comes not on account of the meal and requires a blessing, to accompanying the bread (lelapet) which renders them subordinate, to establishing the meal upon the fruit, to the default intention at the meal, to things that come after the bread is withdrawn, up to large meals where all that is taken at the table forms one meal with the bread.

→ Read the general preface on the Alter Rebbe’s shitah

Source note. The Hebrew text reproduced on this page is the complete, real text of the Alter Rebbe’s Shulchan Aruch, Orah Haim siman קע״זז׳ סְעִיפִים (seven seifim) from the Rav’s own hand — per the Kehot edition as digitized on Sefaria (Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim קע״ז). The Alter Rebbe treats there דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם. The translations are ours. No passage is cited beyond this verifiable text.
1 · טקסט אדמו״ר הזקן

שולחן ערוך הרב — סימן קע״ז — דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם

The full text of the Alter Rebbe’s Shulchan Aruch

שולחן ערוך הרב, סימן קע״ז — דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם — וּבוֹ ז׳ סְעִיפִים
The Alter Rebbe’s own text (Sefaria source Shulchan_Arukh_HaRav,_Orach_Chayim.177), followed by our English translation. The siman comprises seven seifim (ז׳ סְעִיפִים ; seif k → .177.k).

סעיף א דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה — אֵין טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה.

דִּין דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם, וּבוֹ ז׳ סְעִיפִים:דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה, אִם הֵם דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה, דְּהַיְנוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ לִקְבֹּעַ סְעוּדָה עֲלֵיהֶם, בֵּין לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶת הַפַּת, כְּגוֹן בָּשָׂר וְדָגִים וִירָקוֹת וּגְבִינָה וּבֵיצִים וּמִינֵי מְלוּחִים, בֵּין לְמָזוֹן וּלְהַשְׂבִּיעַ, כְּגוֹן כְּרוּב וּתְרָדִין וְדַיְסָא וְכָל מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה שֶׁאֵינָן בָּאִין לְלַפֵּת אֶלָּא לְתַבְשִׁיל וּלְמָזוֹן — אֵין צָרִיךְ בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם, אֲפִלּוּ אוֹכְלָם בְּלֹא פַּת, שֶׁבִּרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא" פּוֹטַרְתָּם, וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, שֶׁבִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן פּוֹטַרְתָּם (שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּם לֶאֱכֹל אוֹתָם כָּל הַיּוֹם כְּמוֹ הַפֵּרוֹת אֶלָּא בִּשְׁעַת סְעוּדָה בִּלְבַד — הֲרֵי הֵם טְפֵלִים לַפַּת שֶׁהוּא עִקַּר הַסְּעוּדָה, וְלָכֵן נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹכְלָם בְּלֹא פַּת).
(בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁקָּבַע סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל הַפַּת, שֶׁאָז כָּל הַמַּאֲכָלִים שֶׁהֵם מִינֵי לִפְתָּן וְלֹא מִינֵי מָזוֹן הֵם) בָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַפַּת, לָכֵן הֵם טְפֵלִים אֵלֶיהָ. אֲבָל אִם אֵינוֹ חָפֵץ לֶאֱכֹל פַּת, וְאוֹכֵל מְעַט פַּת וּמְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ "הַמּוֹצִיא" לִפְטֹר הַמַּאֲכָלִים, יֵשׁ לְהִסְתַּפֵּק אִם נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכָתָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינָן בָּאִין מֵחֲמָתָהּ, אוֹ אֶפְשָׁר כֵּיוָן שֶׁדַּרְכָּם לִקְבֹּעַ סְעוּדָה עֲלֵיהֶם — הַפַּת פּוֹטַרְתָּם. וְלָכֵן יְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא עַל הַפַּת, אִם לֹא בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ יוֹם טוֹב):

דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה. Things that come during the meal: if they are things that come on account of the meal — that is, things upon which one is accustomed to establish a meal — whether to accompany the bread (lelapet), such as meat, fish, vegetables, cheese and eggs, and kinds of salted foods, or to nourish and satiate, such as cabbage, beets, porridge (daysa) and every pot-dish that does not come to accompany but as a dish and as food — they require no blessing before them, even if one eats them without bread, for the blessing “hamotsi” discharges them, nor after them, for birkat hamazon discharges them (since, as one is not accustomed to eat them all day like fruit but only at meal-time, they are subordinate to the bread which is the essence of the meal, and therefore they are discharged by the bread’s blessing even if one eats them without bread).
(In what case does this apply? When one has established his meal upon bread, for then all the dishes that are kinds of accompaniment and not kinds of food come on account of the bread, and are therefore subordinate to it. But if one does not wish to eat bread, and eats a little bread and blesses over it “hamotsi” in order to discharge the dishes — there is room to doubt whether they are discharged by its blessing, since they do not come on account of it; or perhaps, since one is accustomed to establish a meal upon them — the bread discharges them. Therefore he shall bless over them and not over the bread, except on Shabbat or Yom Tov).

סעיף ב דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה — טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם.

וְאִם הֵם דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת סְעוּדָה, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ לִקְבֹּעַ סְעוּדָה עֲלֵיהֶם, לֹא לְלַפֵּת וְלֹא לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ, כְּגוֹן כָּל מִינֵי פֵּרוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶם, בֵּין חַיִּים בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם בָּשָׂר, אִם אוֹכֵל אוֹתָם בְּלֹא פַּת — טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם.
וַאֲפִלּוּ אוֹכְלָם בִּגְמַר הַסְּעוּדָה כְּדֵי לְעַכֵּל הַמַּאֲכָל (אוֹ לְקִנּוּחַ לְהָקֵל מִכֹּבֶד הַמַּאֲכָל) — אֵינָן נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא", כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינָן מֵעִקַּר הַסְּעוּדָה, וְאֵין דַּרְכָּם לָבֹא מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה לְעוֹלָם, אֶלָּא דַּרְכָּם לְאָכְלָם כָּל הַיּוֹם אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת סְעוּדָה.
אֲבָל אֵין טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם (אֲפִלּוּ אוֹכְלָם בְּאֶמְצַע הַסְּעוּדָה לֹא לְעַכֵּל וְלֹא לְקִנּוּחַ אֶלָּא לְתַעֲנוּג בִּלְבַד), שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּאוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה קֹדֶם שֶׁמָּשְׁכוּ יְדֵיהֶם מִן הַפַּת — בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן פּוֹטַרְתָּם, לְפִי שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּא תּוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה הוּא מִכְּלַל הַשְּׂבִיעָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ: "וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ":

דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה. And if they are things that come not on account of the meal — that is, upon which one is not accustomed to establish a meal, neither to accompany nor to satiate, such as all kinds of fruit and their like, whether raw or cooked, and even if they were cooked with meat — if one eats them without bread, they require a blessing before them.
And even if one eats them at the end of the meal to digest the food (or as a dessert (kinuah) to ease the heaviness of the food) — they are not discharged by the blessing “hamotsi,” since they are not of the essence of the meal, and they never customarily come on account of the meal, but one is accustomed to eat them all day even outside of meal-time.
But they do not require a blessing after them (even if one eats them in the middle of the meal, not to digest nor as dessert, but for enjoyment alone), for since they came within the meal before one withdrew his hands from the bread — birkat hamazon discharges them, because everything that comes during the meal is part of the satiation, of which it is said: “and you shall eat and be satisfied and you shall bless” (vesavata uveirakhta).

סעיף ג אֲכָלָם עִם פַּת — נַעֲשׂוּ טְפֵלָה לַפַּת.

אֲבָל אִם אוֹכְלָם עִם פַּת, נַעֲשׂוּ טְפֵלָה לַפַּת, וּבִרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא" פּוֹטַרְתָּן, אֲפִלּוּ קָבַע לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל דָּבָר אַחֵר וְהֵבִיאוּ לְפָנָיו פֵּרוֹת לְקִנּוּחַ וּלְתַעֲנוּג וְאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם מְעַט עִם פַּת.
וְאִם הֱבִיאוּם לְפָנָיו לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם גַּם כֵּן אֶת הַפַּת וְאָכַל מֵהֶם מְעַט עִם הַפַּת, אֲפִלּוּ אוֹכֵל אַחַר כָּךְ בְּלֹא פַּת — אֵין צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם אִם דַּעְתּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל עוֹד מֵהֶם עִם פַּת, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁתְּחִלַּת אֲכִילַת הַפֵּרוֹת וְסוֹפָהּ הִיא עִם הַפַּת — מִצְטָרְפִין הֵם עִם שְׁאָר הַסְּעוּדָה לְהִפָּטֵר בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת אַף מַה שֶּׁאוֹכֵל בֵּינְתַיִם בְּלֹא פַּת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ אוֹתָם מִתְּחִלָּה לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם הַפַּת, וּמְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם פַּת בַּתְּחִלָּה, וְגַם בַּסּוֹף דַּעְתּוֹ לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם. וְאַף אִם אַחַר כָּךְ נִמְלַךְ שֶׁלֹּא לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם בַּסּוֹף — אֵין בְּכָךְ כְּלוּם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עַל סְמַךְ בִּרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא" — כַּוָּנָתוֹ לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם עֲדַיִן אַחַר כָּךְ.
אֲבָל אִם מִתְּחִלָּה לֹא הֱבִיאוּם לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶת הַפַּת אֶלָּא לְקִנּוּחַ סְעוּדָה, אַף שֶׁמְּלַפֵּת בָּהֶם פַּת תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף וְאוֹכֵל בֵּינְתַיִם בְּלֹא פַּת — צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעִקָּרָם לְקִנּוּחַ וְלֹא לְלַפֵּת — אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין לִשְׁאָר הַסְּעוּדָה לִפְטֹר מַה שֶּׁאוֹכֵל בְּלֹא פַּת.
וְכָל זֶה כְּשֶׁתְּחִלַּת אֲכִילָתוֹ מֵהַפֵּרוֹת הִיא עִם פַּת, אֲבָל אִם מַתְחִיל לֶאֱכֹל בְּלֹא פַּת, אַף אִם בָּאוּ לְלַפֵּת וּמְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶלָּא שֶׁאוֹכֵל מְעַט בַּתְּחִלָּה בְּלֹא פַּת — צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ.
וְטוֹב לִנְהֹג כֵּן לְעוֹלָם, כְּשֶׁבָּאִים לוֹ פֵּרוֹת בְּאֶמְצַע סְעוּדָתוֹ לְלַפֵּת הַפַּת — לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶם תְּחִלָּה מְעַט בְּלֹא פַּת וּלְבָרֵךְ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֹאכַל בֵּין עִם פַּת בֵּין בְּלֹא פַּת, לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ מִסְתַּפְּקִין אַף אִם מְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם הַפַּת תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף וְאוֹכֵל בֵּינְתַיִם בְּלֹא פַּת — אִם נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא":

אֲכִילָתָם עִם פַּת. But if one eats them with bread, they become subordinate to the bread, and the blessing “hamotsi” discharges them, even if he established the accompaniment of his meal upon something else and fruit was brought before him as dessert and for enjoyment, and he eats a little of them with bread.
And if they were brought before him to accompany the bread as well, and he ate a little of them with the bread, even if he afterward eats without bread — he need not bless before them if he intends to eat more of them with bread; for since the beginning of the eating of the fruit and its end are with bread — they join with the rest of the meal to be discharged by the bread’s blessing, even what he eats in between without bread, since they were brought at the outset to accompany the bread, and he accompanies the bread with them at the beginning, and at the end too he intends to accompany with them. And even if he afterward reconsiders not to accompany with them at the end — that is nothing, since at the moment he eats of them relying on the blessing “hamotsi” — his intention is still to accompany with them thereafter.
But if at the outset they were not brought to accompany the bread but as the meal’s dessert — even if he accompanies the bread with them at the beginning and at the end and eats in between without bread, he must bless before them, since their essence is the dessert and not the accompaniment: they do not join with the rest of the meal to discharge what he eats without bread.
And all this is when the beginning of his eating of the fruit is with bread; but if he begins to eat without bread, even if they came to accompany and he accompanies with them, except that he eats a little at the beginning without bread — he must bless.
And it is good to act thus always: when fruit comes to him in the middle of his meal to accompany the bread — to eat first a little of them without bread and bless, and afterward eat whether with bread or without bread, for there are those who doubt, even if he accompanies the bread with them at the beginning and at the end and eats in between without bread — whether they are discharged by the blessing “hamotsi.”

סעיף ד קָבַע לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל הַפֵּרוֹת.

וְכָל זֶה כְּשֶׁקָּבַע לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל דָּבָר אַחֵר וּבְאֶמְצַע הַסְּעוּדָה הֵבִיאוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת, אֲבָל אִם קָבַע לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל הַפֵּרוֹת — נַעֲשׂוּ לוֹ הַפֵּרוֹת כַּדְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה, שֶׁנִּפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת "הַמּוֹצִיא" אֲפִלּוּ אוֹכְלָם בְּלֹא פַּת בִּתְחִלַּת אֲכִילָתָם, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶם תְּחִלָּה עִם פַּת. וְיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִים.
וְלָכֵן טוֹב שֶׁיֹּאכַל תְּחִלָּה מְעַט עִם פַּת, וְאָז אַף אִם אַחַר כָּךְ אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם בְּלֹא פַּת — אֵין צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם, וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל עוֹד עִם פַּת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעִקַּר קְבִיעַת סְעוּדָתוֹ הָיָה עֲלֵיהֶם לְלַפֵּת בָּהֶם אֶת הַפַּת.
וּמִי שֶׁאוֹכֵל תְּמָרִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶם בֵּין מַאֲכָל לְמַאֲכָל לְהַמְשִׁיךְ תַּאֲוַת הָאֲכִילָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא צֹרֶךְ סְעוּדָה — נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת בְּכָל עִנְיָן, כְּמוֹ פַּרְפְּרָאוֹת שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִימָן קע״ו:

קָבַע לִפְתַּן סְעוּדָתוֹ עַל הַפֵּרוֹת. And all this is when he established the accompaniment of his meal upon something else and in the middle of the meal fruit was brought to him; but if he established the accompaniment of his meal upon the fruit — the fruit becomes for him like the things that come on account of the meal, which are discharged by the blessing “hamotsi” even if he eats them without bread at the beginning of their eating, and he need not eat first of them with bread. And there are those who differ.
Therefore it is good that he eat first a little with bread, and then, even if he afterward eats of them without bread — he need not bless over them, even if he does not intend to eat more with bread, since the essence of the establishing of his meal was upon them, to accompany the bread with them.
And one who eats dates and their like between one dish and another to prolong the appetite for eating, since it is a need of the meal — they are discharged by the bread’s blessing in every case, like the hors-d’œuvre (parperaot) that were explained in siman קע״ו.

סעיף ה דַּעְתּוֹ עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁיָּבִיאוּ בַּסְּעוּדָה.

וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין הַפֵּרוֹת נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת — צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם, אֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ לְפָנָיו בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבֵּרַךְ "הַמּוֹצִיא" וְנִתְכַּוֵּן לְפוֹטְרָם.
וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהֵם נִפְטָרִים — נִפְטָרִים אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הָיוּ לְפָנָיו בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבֵּרַךְ "הַמּוֹצִיא" וְלֹא הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם (וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם אֵין הָעִקָּר פּוֹטֵר אֶת הַטָּפֵל בְּבִרְכָתוֹ אִם אֵין הַטָּפֵל לְפָנָיו וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ עָלָיו, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, בַּסְּעוּדָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁקּוֹבֵעַ עַצְמוֹ לַאֲכִילָה, הֲרֵי דַּעְתּוֹ מִן הַסְּתָם עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁיָּבִיאוּ לְפָנָיו, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה כֵן בְּדַעְתּוֹ) בְּפֵרוּשׁ.
אֲבָל אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ עַל זֶה כְּלָל, כְּגוֹן שֶׁאַחַר שֶׁבֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת שָׁלְחוּ לוֹ דּוֹרוֹן מִבֵּית אֲחֵרִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ סָמוּךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ עַל הַדּוֹרוֹן — אֵינוֹ נִפְטָר בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת אֲפִלּוּ הוּא דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לָבֹא לְלַפֵּת אֶת הַפַּת וּמְלַפֵּת בּוֹ אֶת הַפַּת. וְעַכְשָׁו אֵין הָעוֹלָם נִזְהָרִים בָּזֶה בִּמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבֵּינֵינוּ הוּא דָּבָר מָצוּי שֶׁאֶחָד שׁוֹלֵחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ דּוֹרוֹן בַּסְּעוּדָה אֲפִלּוּ מִבֵּית אֲחֵרִים.
(וְכָל זֶה לְעִנְיַן אִם נִפְטָר בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת, אֲבָל כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁנִּפְטָר בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁסִּיֵּם לְאָכְלוֹ וְגָמַר בְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנּוּ עוֹד בִּסְעוּדָה זוֹ וְחָזַר וְנִמְלַךְ לֶאֱכֹל — אֵין צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִימָן קע״ט):

דַּעְתּוֹ עַל מַה שֶּׁיָּבִיאוּ. And in every case where the fruit is not discharged by the bread’s blessing — one must bless over it, even if it was before him at the time he blessed “hamotsi” and he intended to discharge it.
And in every case where they are discharged — they are discharged even if they were not before him at the time he blessed “hamotsi” and he had no intention regarding them (and although everywhere the principal does not discharge the subordinate by its blessing if the subordinate is not before him and he has no intention regarding it, nevertheless, at the meal, since he establishes himself for eating, behold his intention is by default upon all that will be brought before him, even if it was not so in his mind) explicitly.
But if it is known that he had no intention at all regarding this — as when, after he blessed over the bread, a gift was sent to him from the house of others on whom he was not relying and which gift he did not have in mind — it is not discharged by the bread’s blessing, even if it is a thing customarily brought to accompany the bread and he accompanies the bread with it. And nowadays people are not careful about this in these countries, because among us it is common for one to send his fellow a gift at the meal, even from the house of others.
(And all this concerns whether it is discharged by the bread’s blessing; but anything discharged by the bread’s blessing, even if he finished eating it and resolved in his heart not to eat of it again at this meal, and then reconsidered to eat — he need not bless over it, as will be explained in siman קע״ט).

סעיף ו דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים לְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה — טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה.

וּדְבָרִים הַבָּאִים לְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה (שֶׁהָיָה מִנְהָג בִּימוֹת חַכְמֵי הַתַּלְמוּד, שֶׁבְּסוֹף הַסְּעוּדָה הָיוּ מוֹשְׁכִים יְדֵיהֶם מִן הַפַּת וּמְסִירִים אוֹתָהּ, וְגַם הַשֻּׁלְחָנוֹת הַקְּטַנִּים שֶׁלִּפְנֵי כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, וְקוֹבְעִין עַצְמָן לֶאֱכֹל פֵּרוֹת וּפַרְפְּרָאוֹת לְקִנּוּחַ סְעוּדָה וְלִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן), הֲרֵי כָּל מַה שֶּׁמְּבִיאִים אָז לִפְנֵיהֶם, אֲפִלּוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁדַּרְכָּם לָבֹא לְלַפֵּת הַפַּת — טְעוּנִים בְּרָכָה בֵּין לִפְנֵיהֶם בֵּין לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם (וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר פֵּרוֹת, חוּץ מִתְּמָרִים שֶׁנִּפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִימָן ר״ח), מִפְּנֵי שֶׁ"הַמּוֹצִיא" וּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן אֵינָן פּוֹטְרִים אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱכָל תּוֹךְ עִקַּר הַסְּעוּדָה, בְּעוֹד שֶׁלֹּא סִלְּקוּ יְדֵיהֶם מֵהַפַּת.
וְעַכְשָׁו שֶׁאֵין מְסַלְּקִין הַשֻּׁלְחָן אַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה קֹדֶם בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן — אֵין לָנוּ סִלּוּק הַפַּת בִּסְתָם עַד בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, אוֹ מַיִם אַחֲרוֹנִים, אוֹ שֶׁיִּטֹּל כּוֹס בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן בְּיָדוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נָטַל יָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁיֹּאמַר "תְּנוּ כּוֹס וּנְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, שֶׁאָז סִלֵּק דַּעְתּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל לְגַמְרֵי (וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם אָמַר בְּפֵרוּשׁ שֶׁמְּסַלֵּק אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִלֶּאֱכֹל עוֹד, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר "תְּנוּ וּנְבָרֵךְ". וְהוּא הַדִּין אִם גָּמַר כֵּן בְּלִבּוֹ).
וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאִם חוֹזֵר וְנִמְלָךְ לֶאֱכֹל פַּת יֵשׁ מַתִּירִין לֶאֱכֹל בְּלֹא בְּרָכָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִימָן קע״ט, וְאָז יָכוֹל גַּם כֵּן לֶאֱכֹל כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁנִּפְטְרוּ בְּבִרְכָתָהּ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא חָזַר וְיָדָיו מְסֻלָּקוֹת הֵימֶנָּה — אֵין שְׁאָר דְּבָרִים נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכָתָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא סִלֵּק דַּעְתּוֹ מֵהֶם:

דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים לְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה. And things that come after the meal (for it was the custom in the days of the Sages of the Talmud that at the end of the meal they would withdraw their hands from the bread and remove it, and also the small tables that were before each one, and would establish themselves to eat fruit and hors-d’œuvre as dessert of the meal and to drink wine) — behold, everything brought then before them, even things customarily brought to accompany the bread, require a blessing both before them and after them (and needless to say fruit, except dates which are discharged by birkat hamazon, as will be explained in siman ר״ח), because “hamotsi” and birkat hamazon discharge only what is eaten within the essence of the meal, so long as one has not withdrawn his hands from the bread.
And nowadays, when one does not remove the table after the meal before birkat hamazon — we have no withdrawal of the bread by default until birkat hamazon, or the mayim aharonim, or that he take in hand the cup of birkat hamazon even though he did not wash his hands, or that he say “give the cup and let us bless birkat hamazon,” for then he has removed his mind from eating entirely (and needless to say if he said explicitly that he removes himself from eating further, even though he did not say “give and let us bless”; and the same law applies if he resolved thus in his heart).
And although, if he reconsiders and returns to eat bread, there are those who permit eating without a blessing, as will be explained in siman קע״ט — and then he may also eat all the things that were discharged by its blessing — nevertheless, so long as he has not returned and his hands are withdrawn from it, the other things are not discharged by its blessing, even though he did not remove his mind from them.

סעיף ז בִּסְעוּדוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת — סְעוּדָה אַחַת עִם הַפַּת.

וּבִסְעוּדוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת, שֶׁרְגִילִים לִמְשֹׁךְ יְדֵיהֶם מִן הַפַּת וְלַעֲרֹךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָן בְּפֵרוֹת וְלִקְבֹּעַ שְׁתִיָּה — הָיָה רָאוּי לְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמַּשְׁקִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם בָּאִים מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעוּדָה, וְגַם בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה עַל הַפֵּרוֹת קֹדֶם בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא נָהֲגוּ כֵּן.
וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁלִּמֵּד עֲלֵיהֶם זְכוּת לוֹמַר, שֶׁלֹּא הִצְרִיכוּ לְבָרֵךְ בִּימֵיהֶם אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כִּסְעוּדָה אַחֶרֶת מַה שֶּׁאוֹכְלִים וְשׁוֹתִים אַחַר סִלּוּק הַשֻּׁלְחָן, לְכָךְ אֵינָן נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַפַּת, לֹא מִבְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְלֹא מִבְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה, אֲבָל כָּל מַה שֶּׁאוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן שֶׁאָכְלוּ עָלָיו הַפַּת — סְעוּדָה אַחַת הִיא עִם הַפַּת, וְלָכֵן נִפְטָרִים בְּבִרְכוֹתֶיהָ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁסִּלְּקוּ דַּעְתָּם מִמֶּנָּה לְגַמְרֵי, וַאֲפִלּוּ אָמְרוּ "תְּנוּ וּנְבָרֵךְ", עַד שֶׁיִּטְּלוּ מַיִם אַחֲרוֹנִים, אוֹ שֶׁיִּטֹּל כּוֹס בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִימָן קע״ט:

סְעוּדוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת. And in large meals, where they are wont to withdraw their hands from the bread, to lay out the table with fruit and to establish a drinking — it would have been fitting to bless over the beverages although they come on account of the meal, and also a last blessing over the fruit before birkat hamazon; only that they did not follow this custom.
And there is one who argued in their favor, saying that they required blessing in their days only because what is eaten and drunk after the removal of the table appears as another meal; therefore they are not discharged by the bread’s blessing, neither the first blessing nor the last blessing. But all that is eaten and drunk upon the table on which they ate the bread — is one meal with the bread, and therefore they are discharged by its blessings, even though they removed their mind from it entirely, and even though they said “give and let us bless,” until they take the mayim aharonim, or one takes the cup of birkat hamazon, as will be explained in siman קע״ט.

2 · למעשה

הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב״ד

The Habad practical conduct

Points of conduct flowing directly from siman קע״ז in the Alter Rebbe’s and Habad sensibility — presented at the level of the principle, referring to the Rav for the detail of the cases.

For the Habad Hassid — Siman קע״ז (דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה וְאַחַר הַסְּעוּדָה וּמַה דִּינָם)

  • Seif א. Dishes that come on account of the meal (to accompany the bread or to satiate) require no blessing, neither before nor after, even eaten without bread — “hamotsi” and birkat hamazon discharge them. If one does not establish his meal on bread, he blesses over the dishes (except Shabbat/Yom Tov).
  • Seif ב. Fruit and the like, which come not on account of the meal, require a blessing before them when eaten without bread — even to digest or as dessert. But no blessing after them, for “vesavata uveirakhta”: birkat hamazon discharges all taken before the bread is withdrawn.
  • Seif ג. Eaten with bread, fruit becomes subordinate and “hamotsi” discharges it. If brought to accompany and one begins and ends with bread — no blessing, even on what is eaten in between without bread. If brought as dessert — one must bless. Recommended conduct: eat a little without bread first and bless.
  • Seif ד. One who establishes the accompaniment of his meal upon the fruit — it is like things that come on account of the meal, discharged by “hamotsi” even without bread (and there are those who differ; better to eat a little with bread first). Dates between dishes to whet the appetite are discharged like the parperaot (siman קע״ו).
  • Seif ה. Where fruit is not discharged — one must bless even if it was before him and he intended to discharge it. Where it is discharged — even if absent and unintended, for at the meal the mind is by default upon all that will be brought. Exception: an unexpected gift from another’s house.
  • Seif ו. Things that come after the meal (hands withdrawn from the bread, table removed) require a blessing before and after. Nowadays there is no withdrawal by default before birkat hamazon — except mayim aharonim, taking the cup, or “give and let us bless.”
  • Seif ז. In large meals, all that is eaten and drunk at the same table where the bread was eaten forms one meal with it, and is discharged by its blessings — even after removing the mind or saying “give and let us bless” — until the mayim aharonim or taking the cup (siman קע״ט).

⚠ This section presents the Habad conduct based on the Alter Rebbe’s Shulchan Aruch, siman קע״ז (the real text is reproduced in §1). It does not replace a rabbinic decision for a particular case. For any concrete question — the blessing on the foods of the meal, the fruit, accompanying the bread, foods after the meal — consult your Rav, and for Habad, a Rav of Habad.