Siman שס״ט · 1 seif of the Shulchan Aruch
First approach to Siman שס״ט: complete Hebrew text of the Mechaber, English translation, pedagogical explanations of the halachic concepts, practical cases and synthesis.
Topic: how one who pays for his share acquires the eruv — according, among other things, to what he says, what he hands over and to whom, the baker or a private householder, and what the baker then does
Source: שולחן ערוך אורח חיים סימן שס״ט (a single seif in the Shulchan Aruch, with no gloss of the Rema; a single seif in the Shulchan Aruch HaRav as well, studied at Level 4)
Compiled by: רב יוסף חיים סממה
DAAT · daattorah.com
📑 Study Plan
1. The Shulchan Aruch text
Siman שס״ט contains a single seif of the Mechaber (Rabbi Yosef Karo), with no gloss of the Rema. Topic of the siman, according to its title: in what way the eruv is transferred — has one who gives money in order to have his share in the courtyard eruv acquired it? The Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe also has a single seif for this siman; its wording is studied at Level 4.
Seif א
באיזה אופן מקנין העירוב. ובו סעיף אחד:
הנותן מעות לנחתום ואמר לו אם יבואו בני חצר לקנו' ממך ככר לעירוב זכה לי בעירוב שיהא לי חלק עמהם בשביל מעה זו אינו עירוב אפילו עירב החנוני [לכל האחרים] וזכה גם לזה עמהם אבל אם אמר לו ערב לי קנה עירוב ואפילו אם אמר זכה לי אם נתן לו כלי בתור' קנין שיקנה לו בו קנה עירוב וכן אם זיכה לו הנחתום ע״י אחר או שקנה במעה שנתן לו לחם מן השוק קנה עירוב ואם נתן מעה לבעל הבי' ואמר לו זכה לי בעירוב קנה עירוב:
- A coin given to the baker with “acquire for me” does not suffice: זכה לי בעירוב שיהא לי חלק עמהם בשביל מעה זו אינו עירוב. The reason: money alone does not acquire before the item is pulled, as the Mishnah Berurah writes on the article (ס״ק ד).
- And this even if the eruv was made for all, himself included: אפילו עירב החנוני [לכל האחרים] וזכה גם לזה עמהם. According to the Mishnah Berurah (ס״ק ב), he was included among all without being named, and, by default, the baker did not mean to give him a gift but to act for his coin, and money does not acquire.
- “Make the eruv for me” suffices: אבל אם אמר לו ערב לי קנה עירוב.
- “Acquire for me”, with an article handed over as a kinyan, suffices as well: ואפילו אם אמר זכה לי אם נתן לו כלי בתור׳ קנין שיקנה לו בו קנה עירוב.
- Other ways also work: וכן אם זיכה לו הנחתום ע״י אחר או שקנה במעה שנתן לו לחם מן השוק קנה עירוב. The Mishnah Berurah reads conferring through another as the case where the baker named him (ס״ק ה); the boundary is discussed (section 6); and on this conferring it reports that some Acharonim disagree (ס״ק ו).
- Given to a private householder, the coin suffices: ואם נתן מעה לבעל הבי׳ ואמר לו זכה לי בעירוב קנה עירוב.
2. General context
What does this siman discuss?
The mishnah in tractate Eruvin sets Rabbi Eliezer against the Sages on one who pays for his share of the eruv: « נוֹתֵן אָדָם מָעָה לַחֶנְוָנִי וְלַנַּחְתּוֹם כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּזַכֶּה לוֹ עֵירוּב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: לֹא זָכוּ לוֹ מְעוֹתָיו » (עירובין פ״א ע״א). It continues: the Sages concede that, given to any other person, the coin acquires for him; then Rabbi Yehudah distinguishes eruvei techumin from eruvei chatzeros (Mishnah, Eruvin 81b). The Gemara there brings distinctions of Shmuel that we find in the seif. First: « לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא נַחְתּוֹם, אֲבָל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת — קוֹנֶה » (עירובין פ״א ע״ב).
Next: « לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא מָעָה, אֲבָל כְּלִי — קוֹנֶה » (עירובין פ״א ע״ב).
And also: « לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא דְּאָמַר לוֹ ״זְכֵה לִי״, אֲבָל אָמַר ״עָרֵב לִי״, שָׁלִיחַ שַׁוְּיֵהּ, וְקָנֵי » (עירובין פ״א ע״ב).
Place in Hilchos Eruvin
In Sefaria's index, the section הלכות עירובין of the Shulchan Aruch begins at siman 345. Siman שס״ט follows siman שס״ח. For the eruv made “for all the others”, the Mishnah Berurah refers to siman 366, seif 9 of the Shulchan Aruch (Mechaber): « ר״ל ע״י זיכוי שזיכה להן ע״י אחרים כדלעיל בסימן שס״ו ס״ט » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק א).
3. Key halachic concepts
A few notions structure this siman:
- מעות אינן קונות — money alone does not acquire an object before the buyer pulls it (meshichah); the Mishnah Berurah writes so on this seif: « דדוקא מעות אינן קונות עד שימשוך החפץ » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ד). For the first case, it makes this the second branch of its reason, after the baker's intention: « והטעם דמסתמא לא כוון ליתן לו במתנת חנם כמו לאחרים אלא בשביל מעות שנתן לו ומעות אינן קונות נמצא שאין לו חלק בעירוב » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ב).
- ערב לי — “make the eruv for me”: according to the Mishnah Berurah, these words make the baker his agent, « הרי עשאו שליח לערב לו באופן שיועיל » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ג).
- כלי — the article handed over as a kinyan: « אבל אם מקנה לו כלי הוי חליפין » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ד).
- ע״י אחר — conferring on him through a third party: the Mishnah Berurah understands it of the case where the baker named him, « ר״ל שפרט שמו בהדיא ולא בסתמא עם אחרים » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ה), and gives the reason, « מטעם דזכין לו לאדם שלא בפניו » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ה).
- בעל הבית — the private householder, as opposed to the baker: « לפי שאין דרך בעה״ב למכור משלו » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ח).
4. Detail of the seifim — one by one
| Seif | Content |
|---|---|
| א | A coin given to the baker with “acquire for me” does not make an eruv, even if he made the eruv for all and included him. It does if he said “make the eruv for me”; or if, having said “acquire for me”, he handed over an article as a kinyan; or if the baker conferred on him through another; or if he bought him bread from the market with the coin. Given to a private householder with “acquire for me”, the coin makes an eruv. |
5. The Mishnah Berurah — first entries
The Mishnah Berurah of Rabbi Yisroel Meir Kagan (Chofetz Chaim) contains 8 entries on this siman. Here they all are, in order — to better understand the meaning of the seif:
For the text on Sefaria: Mishnah Berurah 369.
6. Position of the Rema
In the text of the seif served by Sefaria (Maginei Eretz edition), the Rema (Rabbi Moshe Isserles) adds no gloss (הגה) to this siman.
- Seif א — the Mechaber's text stands alone. On one point the Mishnah Berurah reports a disagreement: on conferring through another, « ויש מאחרונים שחולקין ע״ז וס״ל דכיון דנתן מעות אפשר דלא ניחא ליה לקבל בתורת מתנה ובמעות הלא אינו קונה » (משנה ברורה שס״ט ס״ק ו).
- The boundary between the start of the seif and « וכן אם זיכה לו הנחתום ע״י אחר » (שו״ע או״ח שס״ט:א) — the Mishnah Berurah reads the start as an acquisition made for all through others, without naming the one who paid (ס״ק א, ב), and the end as the case where the baker named him (ס״ק ה). The Taz reads the start differently: « פי׳ הוא עצמו מזכה להם ולו אבל לא ע״י אחר » (ט״ז או״ח שס״ט ס״ק א). The Biur Halachah writes that, were it not for the Tur's words, he would read the Rosh thus: « אבל אם החנוני זיכהו אף אם זיכהו בסתם בכלל שארי בני חצר נמי מהני » (ביאור הלכה שס״ט); then: « ובאמת כן הוא דעת הב״י והט״ז לדינא אלא דהם פירשו כן בדברי הטור ובדברי הטור א״א לפרש כן וכמו שהוכיחו האחרונים וע״כ צ״ע לדינא » (ביאור הלכה שס״ט) — this is the view of the Beis Yosef and the Taz, who read it into the Tur; the Acharonim showed that the Tur cannot be read so. The Biur Halachah thus leaves the halachah in question: consult your Rav.
- Chabad → follow the Shulchan Aruch HaRav, siman שס״ט (see Level 4 — Daat HaRav).
7. Modern practical cases
The situations below are applications by the site: the seif does not name them, and each is tied to the part of the seif it involves.
| Situation | Quick analysis |
|---|---|
| Paying the bakery in advance for one's share of the eruv bread | Application by the site, seif א: the seif's ruling on a coin given to the baker. With the coin alone and “acquire for me”, « אינו עירוב » (שו״ע או״ח שס״ט:א); with “make the eruv for me”, or with an article handed over as a kinyan, he has acquired the eruv; and, even with the coin alone, he has acquired it if the baker then conferred it on him through another (naming him, according to the Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק ה; see the next row) or bought him bread at the market with the coin (ס״ק ז). What one should say and hand over today: consult your Rav. |
| The baker confers one's share through a third party | Application by the site, seif א: « וכן אם זיכה לו הנחתום ע״י אחר… קנה עירוב » (שו״ע או״ח שס״ט:א). The Mishnah Berurah understands it of the case where he named him explicitly (ס״ק ה), and reports that some Acharonim disagree (ס״ק ו). |
| Giving money to a neighbor who prepares the eruv | Application by the site, seif א: the seif rules for the private householder — « ואם נתן מעה לבעל הבי׳ ואמר לו זכה לי בעירוב קנה עירוב » (שו״ע או״ח שס״ט:א) — and the Mishnah Berurah gives the reason: a householder is not in the habit of selling what is his own; it is so that he would buy [the bread] for him with his money that [the payer] spoke to him so, and it is as if he had told him “make the eruv for me”, by which he made [the householder] his agent (ס״ק ח). Whether the one receiving the money counts as a householder or as a seller: consult your Rav. |
8. Practical synthesis of the Siman
- A coin given to the baker with “acquire for me” does not make an eruv, even if he made the eruv for all and included him (seif א); the scope of this case is disputed (Taz, ס״ק א; Biur Halachah; see section 6 of this page).
- “Make the eruv for me” makes an eruv (seif א).
- “Acquire for me” with an article handed over as a kinyan makes an eruv (seif א).
- If the baker conferred it on him through another (naming him, according to the Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק ה), or bought him bread at the market with the coin, he has acquired the eruv (seif א); on the first way, the Mishnah Berurah reports a disagreement (ס״ק ו).
- A coin given to a private householder with “acquire for me” makes an eruv (seif א).
- For halacha lemaaseh, consult your Rav.
9. Comprehension questions
- Why does a coin given to the baker with “acquire for me” not make an eruv (Mishnah Berurah, ס״ק ב and ד)?
- When the coin was given to the baker with “acquire for me”, why is it not enough that this man was included among all the residents of the courtyard (ס״ק ב), when it is enough with ערב לי and with a private householder (ס״ק ג, ח)?
- What does the phrase ערב לי change (ס״ק ג)?
- What does the article handed over as a kinyan change (ס״ק ד)?
- How does the Mishnah Berurah understand conferring “through another” (ס״ק ה), and what disagreement does it report (ס״ק ו)?
- Why does a coin given to a private householder suffice (ס״ק ח)?
- Which distinctions of Shmuel (עירובין פ״א ע״ב) do we find in the seif?
To go further
- 📚 Level 2 — Lamdan: for pilpul, the שיטות ראשונים, the חקירות יסודיות, and the nuances of the Acharonim
- ✨ Level 3 — Synthesis: for review and rapid memorization with mnemonics
- 📜 Level 4 — Daat HaRav: the Shitah of the Alter Rebbe (Shulchan Aruch HaRav siman שס״ט)