LEVEL 01
רמת המתחיל
Base — Beginner & Intermediate
The twenty-three seifim in Hebrew, with fluent English translation and a clause-by-clause breakdown: terminus against span from the day to the shemitta, the שאלה decree and its two exceptions, the two Adars, the crossing of the terminus, what has no fixed time, the place of the vow, the son’s feast, and the two-terminus formulas. The eighty-seven entries of the apparatus — Chakh, Taz, Baer Hetev, Pit’hei Teshuva, Nekudot HaKesef — cited one by one.
📖 Study
LEVEL 02
רמת הלמדן
Lamdan — Talmid Hakham
Pilpul: the asymmetry of the gemara’s decree on היום and יום אחד; the reading שבת זה against שבוע זה and the Taz’s vernacular word, with the Nekudot HaKesef’s reply; the שאלה required by the Bah and refused by the Taz; the קרו אינשי ריש ירחא reversed by the Chakh; the month from date to date against thirty full days; “one year” said on Rosh Hashana; סתם אדר from vows to documents and bills of divorce; Rabbi Yehuda’s mishna on wine that the Mehaber omitted; the dead son’s feast; the dates of the revi‘ot; and the Ran against the Rambam on who takes the lashes.
📖 Study
LEVEL 03
חזרה וסיכום
Synthesis — Revision
A synthesis arranged by mechanism rather than by number: the axiom of terminus against span, the starting point, the end point, the crossing, what has no fixed time, the language of men, and the two-terminus formulas. Then a master table restoring the twenty-three seifim to the order of the book, the six open disputes, the vocabulary, the mnemonic and the classic pitfalls.
📖 Study
LEVEL 04
הלכה למעשה
Halakha lema‘assé — Psak
The practical halakha according to the ש״ך, the ט״ז, the באר היטב, the פתחי תשובה and the נקודות הכסף, then contemporary cases: a resolution said aloud, a vow spoken in a vernacular language, an undertaking “until Pesah”, an undertaking until a child’s bar mitzva, a conditional promise of a gift. Note: the Admour HaZaken did not write a Shulhan Arukh on Yoreh De’ah — a level of psak, not “Daat HaRav”.
📖 Study
Frequently asked questions — Siman 220
What is the difference between “today” and “one day”?
It is total, and it is the foundation of the siman:
יום אחד counts twenty-four hours from the hour of the vow — the Chakh specifies this at ס״ק א. היום stops at nightfall, whether the vow was spoken in the morning or a minute before. For your own case, consult your Rav.
Why is a שאלה needed when the vow is already over?
It is a decree of the gemara, and its motive is the resemblance of the two formulas:
The Chakh specifies that this שאלה needs no פתח and is only rabbinic — which does not abolish it. Two exceptions: a vow of mitzva, and a merely accepted fast, where one eats from nightfall. Ask your Rav.
“This month”: is the first day of a two-day Rosh Hodesh included?
The Shulhan Arukh answers no, and his reason is the very principle of vows:
⚠️ And the Chakh at once draws the reverse consequence, which is a stringency: one who vows on the very day of the first Rosh Hodesh is bound for the whole coming month. The same reasoning releases the day before and binds the day after. Consult your Rav.
What is the difference between “until Pesah” and “until Pesah shall be”?
The first stops at the threshold, the second crosses the festival:
Three formulas, then, of which the third — עד פני הפסח — is disputed. And the Bah, reported at Chakh ס״ק י״ט, requires a שאלה before benefiting wherever the vow stops at the entry; the Taz refuses. Ask your Rav.
“Until the harvest”: how does one know when it has come?
By an observable fact, and at the place where the vow was spoken:
Three conditions, then: the fact and not the season, the place of the vow and not the present place, wheat unless local majority usage says otherwise. And for a terminus with no date, the עד / עד שיהיה distinction does not operate. Consult your Rav.
“No wine during the festival”: is Shemini Atseret included?
Yes, and it is one of the most instructive places in the siman:
The halakhic category makes Shemini Atseret a festival in its own right — פז״ר קש״ב — and yet the vow reaches it, because a vow is read on usage and not on definition. The Pit’hei Teshuva refers at ס״ק ד to the Taz on Orah Hayyim 668 and the Hatam Sofer for the rest of the debate. Ask your Rav.