Orah Haim כ״ג · Level 4 · שיטת אדמו״ר הזקן

דעת הרב

Level 4 — Daat HaRav (the Alter Rebbe) — Siman כ״ג · דיני ציצית בבית הקברות

The way of the Alter Rebbe on the tsitsit in the cemetery: the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ (the deceased are רָשִׁים — exempt from the mitzvot and unable to fulfill them), the reversal then / now (a garment of use / a garment of mitzva — מְגֻלִּים / מְכֻסִּים), the futility of tying two tsitsit together, the ד׳ אַמּוֹת of a corpse, a grave or the cemetery, and the talit of the deceased (the bearers, כַּתָּפִים) — in the sensibility of Chabad, with the delicacy due to the place and to the departed.

Why a Level 4 dedicated to the Alter Rebbe? The Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe is not a commentary on the Mehaber (מחבר) — it is an autonomous and complete Shulchan Aruch, written by the Alter Rebbe (Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, founder of Chabad, disciple of the Maggid (מגיד) of Mezeritch). Its singularity: it combines halacha (הלכה) + the reasons of the mitzvot (טעמי המצוות) + the inner dimension in a single work, and it rules with a unique Talmudic rigor.

For Chabad, the Alter Rebbe is הפוסק האחרון — his ruling is the decisive authority. The Rebbe explicitly instructed to study the Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe (שולחן ערוך הרב) seriously. This page gathers the Rav's way on siman כ״ג — דיני ציצית בבית הקברות (the laws of tsitsit in the cemetery) — where the Mehaber treats this siman in 4 seifim (ד׳ סעיפים), while the Alter Rebbe unfolds it in 5 seifim (ה׳ סעיפים): he makes explicit the meaning of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ (the deceased are רָשִׁים — exempt from the mitzvot and unable to fulfill them, while we fulfill them), the reversal of the eras (in former times the tsitsit was on the garment worn לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ; nowadays our talitot are לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד — forbidden if the tsitsit are מְגֻלִּים, permitted if they are מְכֻסִּים), the futility of tying two tsitsit together (סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר), the ד׳ אַמּוֹת of a corpse, a grave or the cemetery, and the talit of the deceased — the bearers (כַּתָּפִים) and their tsitsit (seif ה).

→ Read the general preface on the shitah of the Alter Rebbe

Source note. The Hebrew text reproduced on this page is the full and real text of the Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe, Orah Haim siman כ״ג5 seifim (ה׳ סעיפים) from the Rav's own hand — per the Kehot edition as digitized on Sefaria (Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim כ״ג). Note: the Mehaber treats this siman in 4 seifim (ד׳ סעיפים), the Alter Rebbe unfolds it in 5 seifim (ה׳ סעיפים) — he makes explicit the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ, the reversal then / now (מְגֻלִּים / מְכֻסִּים), the futility of tying the tsitsit, the ד׳ אַמּוֹת and the talit of the deceased (the bearers). The English translations are our own. No passage is cited outside this verifiable text.
1 · טקסט אדמו״ר הזקן

שולחן ערוך הרב — סימן כ״ג — דִּינֵי צִיצִית בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת

The full text of the Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe

שולחן ערוך הרב, סימן כ״ג — דִּינֵי צִיצִית בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת — וּבוֹ ה׳ סְעִיפִים
The text of the Alter Rebbe himself (Sefaria source Shulchan_Arukh_HaRav,_Orach_Chayim.23), followed by our English translation. The Mehaber treats this siman in 4 seifim (ד׳ סעיפים); the Alter Rebbe in 5 (ה׳ סעיפים).

סעיף א מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת וְהוּא לָבוּשׁ צִיצִית, וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ צִיצִיּוֹתָיו נִגְרָרִים עַל הַקְּבָרִים — כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה כְּלוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ.

מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת וְהוּא לָבוּשׁ צִיצִית, וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ צִיצִיּוֹתָיו נִגְרָרִים עַל הַקְּבָרִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה כְּלוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁהַמֵּתִים הֵם רָשִׁים וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַמִּצְוֹת וְאֵין יְכוֹלִים לְקַיֵּם אוֹתָן וְאָנוּ מְקַיְּמִין אוֹתָן:

Entering the cemetery clothed in tsitsit — the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ. It is permitted to enter the cemetery clothed in tsitsit, provided that the tsitsit do not drag on the graves (נִגְרָרִים עַל הַקְּבָרִים) — so as not to be כְּלוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ, "like one who mocks the destitute": that is, the dead are "destitute" (רָשִׁים), exempt from the mitzvot (פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמִּצְוֹת) and unable to fulfill them, whereas we do fulfill them. The Rav's חידוש: he makes explicit the very definition of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ — the "poverty" of the departed is not an indignity, but the exemption (פְּטוּרִים) joined to the impossibility (אֵין יְכוֹלִים לְקַיֵּם); hence the delicacy required of one who still fulfills them.

סעיף ב בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בְּצִיצִית שֶׁמֵּטִיל בְּמַלְבּוּשׁ שֶׁלּוֹבֵשׁ לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ… אֲבָל אָנוּ — אָסוּר… כְּשֶׁהַצִּיצִיּוֹת מְגֻלִּים ; מְכֻסִּים — אֵין כָּאן לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים שֶׁמֻּתָּר לִכָּנֵס בְּצִיצִית לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת? בְּצִיצִית שֶׁמֵּטִיל בְּמַלְבּוּשׁ שֶׁלּוֹבֵשׁ לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ, וְלֹא כְּדֵי לְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת צִיצִית, כְּגוֹן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עוֹד טַלִּית אַחֶרֶת מְצֻיֶּצֶת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה הַמִּנְהָג בִּימֵי חַכְמֵי הַגְּמָרָא שֶׁהָיָה בְּכָל בִּגְדֵיהֶם אַרְבַּע כְּנָפוֹת, שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיָּסִיר כָּל בְּגָדָיו כְּשֶׁיֵּלֵךְ לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת. אֲבָל בְּטַלִּיתוֹת שֶׁאֵין מְכַוְּנִים בָּהֶם לְמַלְבּוּשׁ אֶלָּא כְּדֵי לְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת צִיצִית בִּלְבַד, כְּגוֹן אָנוּ שֶׁאֵין אָנוּ מְכַוְּנִים בִּבְגָדִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם אַרְבַּע כְּנָפוֹת אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד — אָסוּר לִכָּנֵס בָּהֶם לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת אֲפִלּוּ אֵין הַצִּיצִיּוֹת נִגְרָרִים עַל גַּבֵּי הַקְּבָרִים, מִשּׁוּם לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁהַצִּיצִיּוֹת מְגֻלִּים וְנִרְאִים — אָז יֵשׁ בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ. אֲבָל אִם הֵם מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל — אֵין כָּאן לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ:

Then and now — מְגֻלִּים / מְכֻסִּים. Of what are we speaking, when we permit entering the cemetery in tsitsit? Of a tsitsit placed on a garment worn for one's own use (לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ), and not to fulfill the mitzva of tsitsit — for example if he has another talit fitted with tsitsit — as was the custom in the days of the Sages of the Gemara, when all garments had four corners and it was impossible to remove all one's clothes in order to go to the cemetery. But talitot that one intends not as clothing but solely to fulfill the mitzva of tsitsit — like us, who intend in four-cornered garments only the mitzva alone — it is forbidden to enter the cemetery with them, even if the tsitsit do not drag on the graves, because of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ. And of what are we speaking? When the tsitsit are uncovered and visible (מְגֻלִּים וְנִרְאִים) — then there is in them the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ; but if they are covered and not visible at all (מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל) — there is no לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ here. The Rav's חידוש: he structures the reversal by a double בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — the criterion is not the garment in itself but its intention (לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ formerly / לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד nowadays); and the covering must be total: אֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל.

סעיף ג יֵשׁ נוֹהֲגִין לִקְשֹׁר שְׁתֵּי צִיצִיּוֹת… אֲבָל לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם בְּתַקָּנָתָם — שֶׁהֲרֵי סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר אוֹתָם.

יֵשׁ נוֹהֲגִין לִקְשֹׁר שְׁתֵּי צִיצִיּוֹת שֶׁבִּשְׁנֵי כְּנָפוֹת זֶה עִם זֶה כְּשֶׁנִּכְנָסִים לְבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּתְבַּטֵּל מִצְוַת צִיצִית שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶם. אֲבָל לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם בְּתַקָּנָתָם, דְּאַף־עַל־פִּי שֶׁקּוֹשְׁרִים זֶה עִם זֶה — לֹא נִתְבַּטֵּל מִצְוַת צִיצִית עַל יְדֵי זֶה, שֶׁהֲרֵי סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר אוֹתָם:

Tying two tsitsit together — this avails nothing. Some have the practice of tying two tsitsit of two corners one to the other when entering the cemetery, so that the mitzva of the tsitsit upon them be nullified. But their measure availed nothing (לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם בְּתַקָּנָתָם): although they tie them one to the other, the mitzva of the tsitsit is not nullified thereby — for in the end they will come back to untie them (סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר אוֹתָם). The Rav's חידוש: he states the reason — a knot destined to be undone does not change the status of the garment; the mitzva remains, and with it the question of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ. Only the covering (seif ב) truly answers.

סעיף ד הַנִּכְנָס תּוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל מֵת אוֹ שֶׁל קֶבֶר אוֹ שֶׁל בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת — דִּינוֹ כְּנִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת.

הַנִּכְנָס תּוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל מֵת אוֹ תּוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל קֶבֶר אוֹ תּוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת — דִּינוֹ כְּנִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ בֵּית הַקְּבָרוֹת:

The ד׳ אַמּוֹת of a corpse, a grave, the cemetery. One who enters within the four amot of a corpse, within the four amot of a grave, or within the four amot of the cemeteryhis din is that of one who enters the cemetery. The Rav's חידוש: he states explicitly the three cases — the corpse, the grave, and the cemetery itself — the zone of respect extends to four amot around each, and all the rules of the preceding seifim (מְגֻלִּים / מְכֻסִּים) apply within it.

סעיף ה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִין לְהָסִיר הַצִּיצִיּוֹת מִטַּלִּית שֶׁל מֵת… אֲסוּרִים הַכַּתָּפִים… לְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּצִיצִית מִשּׁוּם לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן צִיצִיּוֹתֵיהֶם מְכֻסִּים.

בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִין לְהָסִיר הַצִּיצִיּוֹת מִטַּלִּית שֶׁל מֵת בַּבַּיִת שֶׁהוּא מֵת שָׁם קֹדֶם שֶׁמּוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ — אֲסוּרִים הַכַּתָּפִים שֶׁנּוֹשְׂאִים אוֹתוֹ לְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּצִיצִית מִשּׁוּם לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן צִיצִיּוֹתֵיהֶם מְכֻסִּים:

The talit of the deceased — the bearers (כַּתָּפִים). Where the custom is to remove the tsitsit from the talit of the deceased in the house where he died, before he is taken outit is forbidden for the bearers (הַכַּתָּפִים) who carry him to be clothed in tsitsit, because of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁunless their tsitsit are covered (מְכֻסִּים). The Rav's חידוש: the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ turns here toward those who accompany the deceased — where his talit is stripped of its tsitsit, those who carry him will not display their own; and the solution remains the same as in seif ב: the covering.

Source: Sefaria — Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim כ״ג (Kehot edition, 5 seifim / ה׳ סעיפים). English translation: DAAT. The Mehaber treats this siman in 4 seifim (ד׳ סעיפים); no passage is cited outside this verifiable text.

2 · היסוד

היסוד — לועג לרש, מגולים / מכוסים, ד׳ אמות, טלית של מת

The yesod: the לועג לרש, the covered tsitsit, the ד׳ אמות, the talit of the deceased

The Alter Rebbe's reading of this siman unfolds in four movements. First, he makes explicit the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ: the deceased are רָשִׁים — exempt from the mitzvot and unable to fulfill them — and one who displays before them a mitzva they can no longer fulfill fails in the respect due to them (seif א). Then, he reverses the din according to the eras: formerly, the tsitsit was on the garment of use — permitted if it does not drag; nowadays, our talitot are לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד — forbidden if the tsitsit are uncovered, permitted if they are entirely covered (seif ב). Then he sets aside the false solution — tying two tsitsit avails nothing (seif ג) — and measures the zone: the ד׳ אַמּוֹת of a corpse, a grave or the cemetery (seif ד). Finally, he extends the principle to the bearers of the deceased — the talit of the dead and the כַּתָּפִים (seif ה).

לועג לרש — כבוד המתים

The לועג לרש (the respect of the departed)

The principle (seif א). It is permitted to enter the cemetery clothed in tsitsit, provided they do not drag on the graves — so as not to be כְּלוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ.

The definition. The dead are רָשִׁים: exempt from the mitzvot (פְּטוּרִים) and unable to fulfill them (אֵין יְכוֹלִים לְקַיֵּם) — whereas we fulfill them. The לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ is not a deliberate insult: it is the display, even unintentional, of what is now inaccessible to them.

בימיהם והאידנא — מגולים / מכוסים

Then and now (the covering)

The reversal (seif ב). Formerly, all garments had four corners — the tsitsit was on a garment worn לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ, and one could not remove all one's clothes: permitted. Our talitot, however, are לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד — to enter the cemetery with them is forbidden even if the tsitsit do not drag.

The final criterion. Tsitsit מְגֻלִּים וְנִרְאִים (uncovered and visible) → לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ; tsitsit מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל (covered, entirely invisible) → permitted.

קשירת הציציות וד׳ אמות

The false solution and the measure (ד׳ אמות)

Tying avails nothing (seif ג). Some tie two tsitsit together to "nullify" the mitzva — לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם: since in the end they will untie them (סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר), the mitzva is not nullified.

The zone (seif ד). The four amot of a corpse, a grave or the cemetery have the same din as the cemetery itself — the delicacy begins before the threshold.

טלית של מת — הכתפים

The talit of the deceased and the bearers

The principle (seif ה). Where the custom is to remove the tsitsit from the talit of the deceased in the very house where he died, before he is taken out — the bearers (כַּתָּפִים) will not be clothed in tsitsit, because of the לוֹעֵג לָרָשׁ.

The solution. The same as in seif ב: אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן צִיצִיּוֹתֵיהֶם מְכֻסִּים — if their tsitsit are covered, they may carry the deceased.

Referral to study. The inner dimension of the דיני ציצית בבית הקברות — beyond the halachic principle laid out here (the לועג לרש, the respect due to the departed who are exempt from the mitzvot, the modesty of the garment of mitzva before those who can no longer fulfill) — touches upon the thought of Chabad (Tanya, Likkutei Torah, and the sichot on the tsitsit, the soul and the כבוד המת). This page presents it at the level of the attested principle, without citing any chapter or precise formulation. For in-depth study of this dimension, study with a Chabad Rav and within the texts themselves.

דיני ציצית בבית הקברות — at the level of principle · for study, see a Chabad Rav
3 · כח הפסק

כחו של אדמו״ר הזקן בפסק

The force of the psak of the Alter Rebbe

Comparison of the Alter Rebbe's way with those of the Mehaber, the Rama (רמ״א) and the Mishna Beroura (משנה ברורה) on the key points of siman כ״ג. The Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe (שולחן ערוך הרב) row is highlighted — it displays the Rav's own sensibility, as it emerges from his text (§1, 5 seifim). The Rav unfolds in 5 seifim what the Mehaber arranges in 4.

Topic Mehaber Rama Mishna Beroura Way of the Alter Rebbe (שולחן ערוך הרב)
Entering the cemetery — נגררים על הקברים (seif א) OH 23:1 — permitted to enter the cemetery clothed in tsitsit, if the tsitsit do not drag on the graves (לועג לרש). MB 23 — the meaning of the לועג לרש (Berakhot 18a, Mishlei 17:5); the measure of the נגררים. Way of the Alter Rebbe — חידוש: he makes the definition explicit — the dead are רָשִׁים, exempt from the mitzvot and unable to fulfill them, whereas we fulfill them; hence the delicacy required in the cemetery (seif א).
בימיהם / האידנא — מגולים / מכוסים (seif ב) OH 23:1 — the basic din: the tsitsit on the garment of use. Hagaha on 23:1 — nowadays, our talitot are לשם מצוה: forbidden if the tsitsit are uncovered (מגולים); covered — permitted. MB 23 — the scope of the מגולים / מכוסים; the talit katan beneath the clothes. Way of the Alter Rebbe — חידוש: he structures the reversal as a double בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ (formerly) / לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד (us) — and requires total covering: מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל (seif ב).
Tying two tsitsit (seif ג) OH 23:2 — some tie two tsitsit when entering; it avails them nothing. MB 23 — why the mitzva is not nullified by the knot. Way of the Alter Rebbe — חידוש: he gives the טעם — סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר אוֹתָם: a knot destined to be undone does not nullify the mitzva; only the covering answers (seif ג).
The ד׳ אמות (seif ד) OH 23:3 — within the 4 amot of a corpse or a grave — the same din as the cemetery. MB 23 — the measure of the 4 amot; the case of doubt (ספק). Way of the Alter Rebbe — חידוש: he states explicitly three zones — the 4 amot of a corpse, a grave, and of the cemetery itself — all under the din of one who enters the cemetery (seif ד).
The talit of the deceased — the bearers (seif ה) OH 23:4 — where one removes the tsitsit from the talit of the deceased: the bearers and the לועג לרש. MB 23 — the customs of the talit of the deceased and the conduct of the bearers. Way of the Alter Rebbe — חידוש: he specifies the place and the moment (בַּבַּיִת שֶׁהוּא מֵת שָׁם, before the taking out) and fixes the solution — אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן צִיצִיּוֹתֵיהֶם מְכֻסִּים (seif ה).

Table drawn from the text of the Mehaber (Orah Haim כ״ג, 4 seifim / ד׳ סעיפים, Sefaria source), the verifiable nossei kelim (Beit Yossef, Tour, Magen Avraham, Taz, Mishna Beroura, Beour Halakha, Pri Megadim, Aroukh haShulchan, Kaf haḤaim; Talmud Berakhot 18a, Menachot 41a). The Alter Rebbe's column rests on the real text of the Shulchan Aruch HaRav reproduced in §1 (5 seifim / ה׳ סעיפים). Uncertain seif katan attributions are left "על דרך הסברה".

4 · קווי היסוד של הרב

קווי היסוד של שיטת הרב

The guiding lines of the Rav's way on this siman

Four orientations that characterize the Alter Rebbe's sensibility on the tsitsit in the cemetery — beyond the mere application of the rules. Each follows the structure: principle of the siman → the Rav's reading → practical consequence. Each line rests on the Rav's real text (§1).

קו א — לועג לרש

The לועג לרש — the respect of the departed

Principle of the siman: permitted to enter the cemetery in tsitsit, if the tsitsit do not drag on the graves (seif א of the Mehaber).

The Rav's reading: he makes the reason explicit — the dead are רָשִׁים, exempt from the mitzvot and unable to fulfill them; to display before them what they can no longer fulfill fails in the respect due to them.

Practical consequence: in the cemetery, the conduct of the garment is a matter of the כבוד due to the departed — attend to the tsitsit even before entering (seif א).

קו ב — בימיהם והאידנא

The reversal — garment of use / garment of mitzva

Principle of the siman: the permissive din of the Mehaber applies to the tsitsit placed on the ordinary garment (seif א of the Mehaber, with the hagaha of the Rama).

The Rav's reading: the criterion is the intention of the garment — לְצֹרֶךְ עַצְמוֹ formerly, לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד for us; hence the prohibition nowadays as soon as the tsitsit are מְגֻלִּים, even without dragging — and the היתר when they are מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל.

Practical consequence: nowadays, cover the tsitsit (tuck in the strands of the talit katan) before entering the cemetery; the covering must be complete (seif ב).

קו ג — קשירת הציציות

Tying the tsitsit — the false solution

Principle of the siman: some tie two tsitsit together when entering the cemetery (seif ב of the Mehaber).

The Rav's reading: לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם בְּתַקָּנָתָם — and he gives the טעם: since סוֹפָם לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַתִּיר אוֹתָם, the temporary knot does not nullify the mitzva; a symbolic gesture does not replace the halacha.

Practical consequence: do not content oneself with tying the tsitsit — only the real covering (seif ב) answers the לועג לרש (seif ג).

קו ד — ד׳ אמות והכתפים

The ד׳ אמות and the bearers of the deceased

Principle of the siman: the 4 amot of a corpse or a grave have the same din as the cemetery; where one removes the tsitsit from the talit of the deceased, the bearers will attend to it (seifim ג-ד of the Mehaber).

The Rav's reading: he explicitly extends the zone to the 4 amot of the cemetery itself (seif ד); and for the bearers (כַּתָּפִים), he fixes the place, the moment and the solution — צִיצִיּוֹתֵיהֶם מְכֻסִּים (seif ה).

Practical consequence: the delicacy begins at four amot; at a levaya, the bearers will cover their tsitsit — for a concrete case → consult a Rav (seifim ד-ה).

5 · למעשה

הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב״ד

Halacha le-maaseh — the Chabad conduct

Six points of conduct that flow directly from siman כ״ג in the sensibility of the Alter Rebbe and of Chabad — presented at the level of principle, with the delicacy due to the cemetery and the departed, referring to the Rav for the detail of particular cases and minhagim.

For the Chabad Chassid — Siman כ״ג (דיני ציצית בבית הקברות)

  • ① Before entering the cemetery — cover the tsitsit. Nowadays, our talitot are לְשֵׁם מִצְוָה בִּלְבַד: to enter the cemetery with uncovered (מְגֻלִּים) tsitsit is forbidden, even if they do not drag on the graves — tuck in the strands of the talit katan before entering. Basis: SA HaRav seifim א-ב.
  • ② The covering must be complete. The Rav's criterion is מְכֻסִּים וְאֵין נִרְאִים כְּלָל — covered and entirely invisible; tsitsit that protrude remain מְגֻלִּים. Basis: SA HaRav seif ב.
  • ③ Do not content oneself with tying the tsitsit. Tying two tsitsit together upon entering avails nothing (לֹא הוֹעִילוּ כְּלוּם) — the mitzva is not nullified, for one will end up untying them. Only the covering answers. Basis: SA HaRav seif ג.
  • ④ The ד׳ אמות — the same conduct. Within four amot of a corpse, a grave or the cemetery — the same din as within the cemetery: attend to it at an azkara, a visit to the cemetery or a passage near a grave. Basis: SA HaRav seif ד.
  • ⑤ The bearers (כַּתָּפִים) at a levaya. Where the custom is to remove the tsitsit from the talit of the deceased before the taking out — the bearers will cover their own tsitsit (on the respect due to the tsitsit themselves, see siman כ״א). Basis: SA HaRav seif ה.
  • ⑥ The outlook of the siman — the כבוד of the departed. This whole siman is a matter of respect for the departed: to display nothing before them of what they can no longer fulfill. For prayer at the cemetery, an azkara or any concrete case — consult a Rav. Basis: SA HaRav seifim א-ה.

⚠ This section presents the Chabad conduct grounded in the Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe, siman כ״ג (the real text reproduced in §1). It does not replace a rabbinic decision for a particular case. For any concrete question — and in particular at a burial, an azkara or a prayer at the cemetery: consult your Rav, and for Chabad, a Chabad Rav.