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DAAT · LEVEL 1 — INTRODUCTION

Siman צ״ה · Body posture during the Amida

כיוון איבריו בשעת תפילה — how to hold the body during the Amida: joining the feet (רגליו זה אצל זה) to imitate the angels «ורגליהם רגל ישרה»; bending the head a little, the eyes downward and the heart upward; placing the hands on the heart like a servant before his master; and joining the feet also at the Kedushah
סימן צ״ה · ד׳ סעיפים
כיוון איבריו בשעת תפילה
🌱 Introductory level · Beginners
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This siman teaches the body posture during the Amida: joining the feet (רגליו זה אצל זה) to imitate the angels (ורגליהם רגל ישרה); bending the head a little so that the eyes are downward (עיניו למטה) and the heart upward (לבו למעלה); placing the hands on the heart (על לבו כפותין), כעבד לפני רבו, never on the hips (דרך יוהרא); and joining the feet also at the Kedushah. Hebrew text, fluent English translation and explanation of the ד׳ seifim, with a section of practical cases.

Topic: Body posture during the Amida — כיוון הרגלים, כפיפת הראש והעיניים, הנחת הידיים, כיוון בקדושה
Source: שולחן ערוך אורח חיים סימן צ״ה · ד׳ סעיפים

Compiled by: רב יוסף חיים סממה
DAAT · daattorah.com

One who prays stands כעבד לפני רבו — like a servant before his master, באימה ביראה ובפחד. One joins the feet to imitate the angels, of whom it is said (יחזקאל א׳:ז׳) ורגליהם רגל ישרה — their feet appearing as a single foot. The siman deals with the body posture (כיוון האיברים): the feet, the head, the eyes and the hands. We study here at the level of principle; for personal conduct, one refers to the custom and to the ruling of the Rav.

📑 Study outline

A. The ד׳ seifim — כיוון הרגלים (séif 1), כפיפת הראש והעיניים (séif 2), הנחת הידיים (séif 3), כיוון הרגלים בקדושה (séif 4)
1. Practical case — joining the feet: רגליו זה אצל זה, like the angels ברגל ישרה
2. Practical case — the head and the eyes: יכוף ראשו מעט, עיניו למטה ולבו למעלה
3. Practical case — the hands: על לבו כפותין, and not על חלציו דרך יוהרא
+ Comprehension questions and going further

A. Body posture during the Amida — the ד׳ seifim

כִּוּוּן הָאֵיבָרִים בִּשְׁעַת הַתְּפִלָּה — positioning the body during the Amida — one who prays stands before the King of kings, and holds the body in a manner that expresses awe and submission. Two ideas converge: to imitate the angels (the feet together, as a single foot — «ורגליהם רגל ישרה») and to stand like a servant before his master (the hands bound on the heart, never on the hips). Hence four points: the feet, the head and the eyes, the hands, and the reminder to join the feet also at the Kedushah.

Séif 1 — כיוון הרגלים: joining the feet

יכוין רגליו זה אצל זה בכוון כאלו אינם אלא אחד להדמות למלאכים דכתיב בהן ורגליהם רגל ישרה כלומר רגליהם נראים כרגל אחד. (וי״א כשעומד להתפלל ילך לפניו ג׳ פסיעות דרך קירוב והגשה לדבר שצריך לעשות) (רוקח).
Séif 1: one aligns one's feet one beside the other (רגליו זה אצל זה), intending that they be as though they were but one, to imitate the angels of whom it is written «ורגליהם רגל ישרה» — that is, their feet appear as a single foot. (And some say that when one rises to pray one should take three steps forward — ג׳ פסיעות — by way of drawing near and approaching a matter one must do) (Rokeach).
One joins the two feet so that they appear as one. Why? To imitate the angels who stand before Hashem — of whom Yechezkel says «ורגליהם רגל ישרה». One view (וי״א) adds a preparation: ג׳ פסיעות forward before beginning, by way of drawing near to the One before whom one is about to stand.

Séif 2 — כפיפת הראש והעיניים: the head and the eyes

צריך שיכוף ראשו מעט שיהיו עיניו למטה לארץ ויחשוב כאלו עומד בבית המקדש ובלבו יכוין למעלה לשמים.
Séif 2: one must bend one's head a little, so that one's eyes are downward, to the ground (עיניו למטה לארץ), and one should picture oneself as though standing in the Beit Hamikdash; and in one's heart, one directs oneself upward, to the heavens (ובלבו יכוין למעלה לשמים).
Two directions at once: the eyes downward (עיניו למטה לארץ), out of humility, picturing oneself standing in the Beit Hamikdash; and the heart upward (לבו למעלה לשמים), turned toward Hashem. Thus the body expresses humility while the heart is uplifted.

Séif 3 — הנחת הידיים: the hands on the heart

מניח ידיו על לבו כפותין הימנית על השמאלית ועומד כעבד לפני רבו באימה ביראה ובפחד ולא יניח ידיו על חלציו מפני שהוא דרך יוהרא. (וע״ל ריש סימן צ״ז).
Séif 3: one places one's hands on one's heart, bound (כפותין), the right over the left, and stands like a servant before his master (כעבד לפני רבו), with awe, fear and dread (באימה ביראה ובפחד); and one should not place one's hands on one's hips (על חלציו), for that is a way of haughtiness (דרך יוהרא). (And see further, at the beginning of siman צ״ז).
The hands are placed on the heart, bound — the right over the left — the posture of a servant before his master, באימה ביראה ובפחד. Conversely, placing the hands on the hips (על חלציו) is a posture of pride (דרך יוהרא): that is not how one stands before the King.

Séif 4 — כיוון הרגלים בקדושה: joining the feet at the Kedushah

טוב לכוין רגליו גם בשעה שאומר קדושה עם ש״צ.
Séif 4: it is proper to join one's feet also at the time one recites the Kedushah with the chazan (ש״צ, the prayer-leader).
The reminder to join the feet is not only for the Amida: it is proper to do so also at the Kedushah, when one sanctifies the Name together with the congregation and the prayer-leader — for that is the moment when one imitates the angels who stand «ברגל ישרה».
The siman in one sentence: during the Amida one joins the feet (as one, like the angels «ורגליהם רגל ישרה»), bends the head a little — the eyes downward and the heart upward —, places the hands on the heart like a servant before his master (never on the hips, דרך יוהרא), and it is proper to join the feet also at the Kedushah.

Practical cases

Case 1 — Joining the feet

Situation: how does one hold the feet when beginning the Amida?
Conduct: one joins the feet one against the other (רגליו זה אצל זה) so that they appear as a single foot, להדמות למלאכים («ורגליהם רגל ישרה»). According to one view, one takes ג׳ פסיעות forward before beginning. For the exact manner (heel to heel or fully together), one follows one's Rav.

Case 2 — The head and the eyes

Situation: where should one direct the head, the eyes and the heart during the Amida?
Conduct: one bends the head a little so that the eyes are downward, to the ground (עיניו למטה לארץ), picturing oneself standing in the Beit Hamikdash; and in the heart, one directs oneself upward, to the heavens (לבו למעלה לשמים). For the details, one follows one's Rav.

Case 3 — The hands

Situation: where should one place the hands during the Amida?
Conduct: one places the hands on the heart, bound (על לבו כפותין), the right over the left, like a servant before his master. One does not place the hands on the hips (על חלציו) — that is a posture of pride (דרך יוהרא). For local customs, one follows one's Rav.

Comprehension questions

Check your understanding:
  1. Why does one join the feet during the Amida, and whom does this imitate (séif 1)?
  2. What does the view of the Rokeach say about the ג׳ פסיעות before praying (séif 1)?
  3. Where should the eyes be and where the heart, and why (séif 2)?
  4. How does one place the hands, and why not on the hips (séif 3)?
  5. When, besides the Amida, is it proper to join the feet (séif 4)?

Going further

If you wish to deepen this siman:
Continue to the next simanSiman 96 →
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DAAT · רב יוסף חיים סממה

סימן צ״ה · ד׳ סעיפים · Level 1 — Introduction
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