Orach Chaim שנ"ב · Level 4 · שיטת אדמו״ר הזקן

דעת הרב

Daat HaRav — The Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch on Siman 352

The shittah of the Alter Rebbe on the 4 seifim that codify the case of the reader on the threshold whose sefer rolls between reshuyos — the rule of drawing or pulling. Application to objects that slide.

Why a Level 4 dedicated to the Alter Rebbe? The Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch is not a commentary on the Mechaber — it is a complete, self-standing Shulchan Aruch, written by the Alter Rebbe. Its distinction: it combines halachah + ta'amei hamitzvos + the inner dimension in a single work, and rules with unique Talmudic rigor.

For Chabad, the Alter Rebbe is the final posek. This page gathers, for Siman 352, the full text of the Rav, his originality, and the divrei haRebbe that illuminate the topic.

→ Read the general preface on the shittah of the Alter Rebbe

1 · טקסט אדמו״ר הזקן

שלחן ערוך הרב — סימן שנ"ב

The full text of the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch (שולחן ערוך הרב)

סימן שנ"ב — הַקּוֹרֵא בַּסֵּפֶר וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת — וּבוֹ ד סְעִיפִים
Source: Kehot edition, as reproduced on Sefaria. 4 seifim + 0 Kuntres Acharon entries.

סעיף א הַקּוֹרֵא בַּסֵּפֶר וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת וּבוֹ ד' סְעִיפִים: הַקּוֹרֵא עַל הָאִסְקֻפָּה…

הַקּוֹרֵא בַּסֵּפֶר וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת וּבוֹ ד' סְעִיפִים:

הַקּוֹרֵא עַל הָאִסְקֻפָּה בְּסֵפֶר מִסִּפְרֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ הֶעָשׂוּי בִּגְלִילָה כְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל רֹאשׁ הָאֶחָד מֵהַסֵּפֶר מִיָּדוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הָאִסְקֻפָּה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי נִשְׁאַר בְּיָדוֹ — גּוֹלְלוֹ אֶצְלוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְגַּלְגֵּל חוּץ לְד' אַמּוֹת. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָאִסְקֻפָּה הִיא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלֶיהָ מַשְׁקוֹף רָחָב ד', הִתִּירוּ, מִשּׁוּם בִּזְיוֹן כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ — שֶׁרַבִּים דּוֹרְסִים עַל הָאִסְקֻפָּה — שֶׁאֵין בִּגְלִילָה זוֹ אִסּוּר תּוֹרָה, הוֹאִיל וְרֹאשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי נִשְׁאַר בְּיָדוֹ, וְכָל הַזּוֹרֵק דָּבָר לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְרֹאשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּיָדוֹ, אִם יָכוֹל לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ עַל יְדֵי זֶה — פָּטוּר, שֶׁאֵין כַּאן הַנָּחָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. וְלָכֵן מֻתָּר לַחֲזוֹר וְלַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ מִן הַתּוֹרָה. אֶלָּא שֶׁחֲכָמִים אָסְרוּ זֶה בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִפּוֹל כֻּלּוֹ מִיָּדוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וִיבִיאֶנּוּ אֶצְלוֹ. אֲבָל בִּמְקוֹם בִּזְיוֹן כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ לֹא גָזְרוּ גְּזֵרָה זוֹ.

אֲבָל אִם נָפַל כָּל הַסֵּפֶר מִיָּדוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ נָפַל לְכַרְמְלִית — אָסוּר לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא הִתִּירוּ שְׁבוּת גָּמוּר כָּזֶה מִשּׁוּם בִּזְיוֹן כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ:

One who reads a sefer and it rolls from one reshus to another, and it contains four seifim:

One who reads on the threshold (iskufa) from a sefer of the holy writings made as a scroll like a Sefer Torah, and one end of the sefer rolled from his hand into the reshus ha-rabim before the threshold, while the second end remained in his hand — he may roll it back to himself, even if it rolled beyond four amos. Although the threshold is reshus ha-yachid (since there is above it a lintel four wide), the Sages permitted it because of the disgrace of the holy writings — since the public tread on the threshold — for there is no Torah prohibition in this rolling, given that the second end remained in his hand, and anyone who throws something into reshus ha-rabim while the second end is in his hand, if he can bring it back to himself by this — he is exempt, since there is no hanachah in reshus ha-rabim. Therefore it is permitted by Torah law to bring it back to himself. The Sages, however, forbade this with other items, as a decree lest the whole thing fall from his hand into reshus ha-rabim and he bring it back. But in a case of the disgrace of holy writings, they did not impose this decree.

But if the entire sefer fell from his hand, even into a karmelis — it is forbidden to bring it back, for they did not permit such a complete shevus on account of the disgrace of holy writings:

סעיף ב וּבִשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, אֲפִלּוּ נָפַל לְכַרְמְלִית וְרֹאשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּיָדוֹ — אָסוּר לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ…

וּבִשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, אֲפִלּוּ נָפַל לְכַרְמְלִית וְרֹאשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּיָדוֹ — אָסוּר לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ (וְלֹא אָמְרוּ שֶׁבְּכַרְמְלִית לֹא גָזְרוּ גְּזֵרָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא גְזֵרָה לִגְזֵרָה אֶלָּא בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ דֶּרֶךְ מְלָאכָה, כְּגוֹן הָעוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְשׁוֹתֶה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן ש"נ, אוֹ הַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד דֶּרֶךְ מְקוֹם פְּטוּר שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שנ"ג, אוֹ הַיּוֹצֵא לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם סָמוּךְ לַחֲשֵׁכָה וְחֵפֶץ בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן רנ"ב. אֲבָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא דוֹמֶה לִמְלָאכָה, גָּזְרוּ אַף בְּכַרְמְלִית. וְלָכֵן יֵשׁ אוֹסְרִים לְהוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכַרְמְלִית דֶּרֶךְ מְקוֹם פְּטוּר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שמ"ו. וְלָכֵן אָסְרוּ לְטַלְטֵל פָּחוֹת פָּחוֹת מִד' אַמּוֹת בְּכַרְמְלִית, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן (ש"נ) [שמ"ט]. וְלָכֵן אָסְרוּ מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְגוּפָהּ בְּכַרְמְלִית, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שי"א. וְהוּא הַדִּין לְהוֹצָאָה כִּלְאַחַר יָד וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָאֵלּוּ):

And in other items, even if it fell into a karmelis while the second end is in his hand — it is forbidden to bring it back (and they did not say that in a karmelis they did not decree, on the basis that it would be a gezeirah ligezeirah, except concerning something not done in the manner of a melachah — like one standing in reshus ha-yachid and drinking in reshus ha-rabim, explained in siman 350; or one throwing from reshus ha-yachid to reshus ha-yachid through a makom petur, explained in siman 353; or one going out into reshus ha-rabim while it is still day, close to nightfall, with an object in his hand, explained in siman 252. But concerning something that resembles a melachah, they decreed even in a karmelis. Therefore some forbid taking out from reshus ha-yachid to karmelis through a makom petur, as explained in siman 346. And likewise they forbade transporting pachot pachot within four amos in karmelis, as explained in siman [350] [349]. And likewise they forbade a melachah she-einah tzerichah le-gufah in a karmelis, as explained in siman 311. And the same applies to taking out in an unusual manner (kilachar yad) and all similar cases):

סעיף ג הָיָה קוֹרֵא בּוֹ עַל הַגַּג, שֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל (הַסֵּפֶר) מִיָּדוֹ רֹאשׁוֹ הָאֶחָד…

הָיָה קוֹרֵא בּוֹ עַל הַגַּג, שֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל (הַסֵּפֶר) מִיָּדוֹ רֹאשׁוֹ הָאֶחָד — עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיע לַעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים הַקְּרוֹבִים לָאָרֶץ, גּוֹלְלוֹ אֶצְלוֹ, שֶׁאֲוִיר מְקוֹם פְּטוּר הוּא. וַאֲפִלּוּ נָח עַל גַּבֵּי זִיז, אִם אֵינוֹ רָחָב ד' הוּא גַם כֵּן מְקוֹם פְּטוּר, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם רָחָב ד' — הוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד (אוֹ כַּרְמְלִית, עַל דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שנ"ג, גַּם כֵּן אֵין אִסּוּר בַּהֲבָאָתוֹ אוֹתוֹ מִכַּרְמְלִית לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרֹאשׁוֹ הָאֶחָד בְּיָדוֹ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר). אֲבָל אִם הִגִּיעַ לְי' טְפָחִים הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, שֶׁהֵם אֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אִם הַכֹּתֶל מְשֻׁפָּע בְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנָּח עָלָיו — אָסוּר לְגָלְלוֹ אֶצְלוֹ, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִפּוֹל כֻּלּוֹ שָׁמָּה וִיבִיאֶנּוּ אֶצְלוֹ וְיִתְחַיֵּב.

וְלֹא אָמְרוּ שֶׁלֹּא גָזְרוּ גְּזֵרָה זוֹ בְּכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֶלָּא בְּאִסְקֻפָּה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ רַבִּים עוֹבְרִים עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁזֶּהוּ בִּזָּיוֹן גָּדוֹל, שֶׁרַבִּים דּוֹרְסִים שָׁם. אֲבָל כַּאן שֶׁאֵין דְּרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל עוֹבֶרֶת שָׁם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַסֵּפֶר מֻטָּל כָּךְ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, שֶׁזֶּהוּ בִּזָּיוֹן לוֹ — אָסוּר לְגָלְלוֹ אֶצְלוֹ, אֶלָּא יַהַפְכֶנּוּ עַל הַכְּתָב כְּדֵי לְמַעֵט הַבִּזָּיוֹן, שֶׁכְּשֶׁהַכְּתָב מְגֻלֶּה הוּא בִּזָּיוֹן יוֹתֵר.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁרַבִּים מְכַתְּפִים עַל שִׁפּוּעַ הַכֹּתֶל, שֶׁאָז דִּינוֹ כִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים גְּמוּרָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שמ"ה. אֲבָל אִם אֵין רַבִּים מְכַתְּפִים עָלָיו — כַּרְמְלִית הוּא, וּבְכַרְמְלִית לֹא גָזְרוּ גְּזֵרָה זוֹ בְּכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁמֻּטָּלִים בְּבִזָּיוֹן.

וְאִם אֵין הַכֹּתֶל מְשֻׁפָּע, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְרַבִּים מְכַתְּפִים עָלָיו, כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא נָח הַסֵּפֶר עָלָיו — מֻתָּר לְגָלְל[וֹ] אֶצְלוֹ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ לָאָרֶץ, שֶׁאֵין לִגְזוֹר שֶׁמָּא יִפּוֹל כֻּלּוֹ וִיבִיאֶנּוּ, לְפִי שֶׁאַף אִם יִפּוֹל כֻּלּוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְלֹא יָנוּחַ שָׁם אֶלָּא יְהֵא תָּלוּי בַּאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים — מֻתָּר לְקָלְטוֹ מִן הָאֲוִיר וְלַהֲבִיאוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד מִן הַתּוֹרָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָסוּר מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים בְּנָפַל כֻּלּוֹ. וּבְנָפַל מִקְצָתוֹ לֹא גָזְרוּ בִּמְקוֹם כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ הַמֻּטָּלִים בְּבִזָּיוֹן:

If he was reading it on the roof, which is reshus ha-yachid, and one end of the (sefer) rolled from his hand — as long as it has not reached the lower ten tefachim near the ground, he rolls it back, for it is the air of a makom petur. Even if it rested on a projection (ziz), if it is not four wide it is also a makom petur, and even if it is four wide — it is reshus ha-yachid (or a karmelis, in the manner that will be explained in siman 353; there is also no prohibition in bringing it from karmelis to reshus ha-yachid, since one of its ends is in his hand, as will be explained). But if it reached the lower ten tefachim, which are the air of reshus ha-rabim, if the wall is slanted such that it came to rest on it — it is forbidden to roll it back, as a decree lest the whole thing fall there and he bring it back and become liable.

And they did not say that they did not impose this decree concerning the holy writings, except with regard to a threshold where the public passes — for that is a great disgrace, since the public treads there. But here, where no foot tread passes, even though the sefer is lying so in reshus ha-rabim, which is a disgrace to it — it is forbidden to roll it back; rather, he should turn it over onto the writing to minimize the disgrace, for when the writing is exposed it is a greater disgrace.

To what does this apply? When the public makes use (mekhatfim) of the slope of the wall, for then its status is that of full reshus ha-rabim, as explained in siman 345. But if the public does not make use of it — it is a karmelis, and in a karmelis they did not impose this decree concerning the holy writings lying in disgrace.

And if the wall is not slanted, even though it is in reshus ha-rabim and the public makes use, since the sefer did not come to rest on it — it is permitted to roll it back as long as it has not reached the ground, for there is no reason to decree lest the whole fall and he bring it back, since even if the whole fell into reshus ha-rabim without coming to rest, but remained suspended in the air of reshus ha-rabim — it would be permitted to catch it from the air and bring it into reshus ha-yachid by Torah law, except that it is forbidden by the words of the Soferim when the whole has fallen. And when only part has fallen, they did not decree concerning the place of holy writings lying in disgrace:

סעיף ד אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא נָפַל אֶלָּא מִקְצָתוֹ לַאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְלֹא נָח שָׁם —…

אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא נָפַל אֶלָּא מִקְצָתוֹ לַאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְלֹא נָח שָׁם — אָסוּר לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ. אֲבָל אִם נָפַל לַאֲוִיר כַּרְמְלִית וְלֹא נָח שָׁם — מֻתָּר לַהֲבִיאוֹ אֶצְלוֹ אִם רֹאשׁוֹ הָאֶחָד נִשְׁאַר בְּיָדוֹ (וְהוּא הַדִּין שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ לְכַתְּחִלָּה לַאֲוִיר כַּרְמְלִית אִם רֹאשׁוֹ הָאֶחָד בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁהִיא בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְאֵינָהּ פְּשׁוּטָה לַחוּץ):

But with other items, even if only part fell into the air of reshus ha-rabim without coming to rest there — it is forbidden to bring it back. But if it fell into the air of a karmelis without coming to rest there — it is permitted to bring it back, provided one of its ends remained in his hand (and likewise, it is permitted to take it out lechatchilah into the air of a karmelis if one of its ends is in his hand, which is in reshus ha-yachid and is not extended outside):

Kuntres Acharon — 0 entries (click to expand)

The Kuntres Acharon is the Alter Rebbe's pilpul appendix — his halachic laboratory at the foot of the page.

Source: Sefaria — Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim שנ"ב.

2 · חידוש אדמו״ר הזקן

חידושים מיוחדים של הרב

The chiddushim unique to the Rav on this siman

Original points that distinguish the Alter Rebbe on Siman 352. Each chiddush follows the structure: classical position → chiddush of the Rav → practical consequence.

חידוש א — drawing ≠ carrying (352:1-4)

Chiddush I — drawing ≠ carrying (352:1-4)

A subtle distinction

Classical position:

The chiddush of the Rav: the Alter Rebbe articulates: drawing an object toward oneself (without lifting it) is not the same as carrying. A special heter for objects that slide.

Practical consequence: tool: for an object sliding outward, draw it toward oneself by the cord.

3 · דברי הרבי

סיכות, מאמרים ואגרות הרבי

The words of the Rebbe on the themes of Siman 352

⚠ An honest note on this siman: Siman 352 is cited in several sichos and igros of the Rebbe on the topic. Here are the main references identified.
ReferenceTopicConnection to Siman 352
Likkutei Sichos — various sichos on the topic Application of the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch Siman 352 The Rebbe cites the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch Siman 352 and articulates the modern application.
Igros Kodesh — responses on practical cases Practical cases related to the siman Responses of the Rebbe to Chassidim on practical questions arising from this siman.

⚠ Verification: the references above are research leads to be verified against the physical volumes of the Kehot edition. The most direct source for the Rebbe's pesakim by siman remains שערי הלכה ומנהג.

4 · למעשה

הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב״ד

Practical Chabad conduct

Points of halachic conduct that flow directly from the Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch Siman 352, in the Chabad sensibility.

For the Chassid of Chabad — Siman 352

  • ① A sefer sliding into reshus harabim: drawing it toward reshus hayachid is permitted. The Rav's chiddush א. Reference: Alter Rebbe's Shulchan Aruch 352:1-4.

⚠ This section presents Chabad halachic conduct. For any concrete question: consult your Rav.