Why a Level 4 dedicated to the Alter Rebbe? The Shulchan Aruch HaRav is a standalone, complete Shulchan Aruch combining halacha + ta'amei ha-mitzvos + inner Torah. For Chabad he is הפוסק האחרון.
שלחן ערוך הרב — סימן שנ"ו
Full text of the Shulchan Aruch HaRav
סימן שנ"ו — דִּין אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הָעוֹבֶרֶת בְּחָצֵר — וּבוֹ ד' סְעִיפִים
Source: Kehot edition, as on Sefaria. 4 seifim.
סעיף אChannel 10 deep and 4 wide — drawing via a partition
דִּין אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הָעוֹבֶרֶת בְּחָצֵר וּבוֹ ד' סְעִיפִים:
אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הָעוֹבֶרֶת בְּחָצֵר עֲמֻקָּה י' טְפָחִים וּרְחָבָה ד' — אֵין מְמַלְּאִים הֵימֶנָּה, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשָׂה עָלֶיהָ לְרָחְבָּהּ מְחִצָּה גָּבוֹהַּ י' בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ, וְיִהְיֶה טֶפַח מִמֶּנָּה מְשֻׁקָּע בְּמַיִם. וְאִם הָיְתָה הַמְּחִצָּה כֻּלָּהּ יוֹרֶדֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם — צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא טֶפַח מִמֶּנָּה יוֹצֵא לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמַּיִם, כְּדֵי לַחֲלוֹק בֵּין הַמַּיִם שֶׁבַּחוּץ שֶׁהֵם כַּרְמְלִית לַמַּיִם שֶׁבִּפְנִים. וְלֹא הֵקֵלּוּ בְּמַיִם אֶלָּא בִּמְחִצָּה הַנַּעֲשֵׂית לְשֵׁם הַמַּיִם כְּדֵי לְהַתִּיר הַטִּלְטוּל בָּהֶם.
Laws of the water-channel that passes through a courtyard, containing 4 se'ifim:
A water-channel (amas ha-mayim) that passes through a courtyard, ten tefachim deep and four wide — one may not draw from it, unless one has set above it, across its width, a partition ten high at its entrance and at its exit, with one tefach of it submerged in the water. And if the partition entirely descends into the water, one tefach of it must protrude above the water, in order to separate between the outer waters — which are karmelis — and the inner waters. And the Alter Rebbe explains: the Sages were lenient with water only with a partition made for the sake of the water in order to permit carrying within it.
סעיף בIn the courtyard itself carrying is permitted — the channel pit acts as a partition
אֲבָל בֶּחָצֵר עַצְמָהּ מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל אֲפִלּוּ לֹא עָשָׂה מְחִצּוֹת לָאַמָּה שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, וַהֲרֵי הָאַמָּה הִיא כַּרְמְלִית, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן אֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת אֶת הֶחָצֵר, לְפִי שֶׁחֲפִירַת הָאַמָּה עַצְמָהּ נַעֲשֵׂית מְחִצָּה בֵּין הַמַּיִם שֶׁבָּהּ וּבֵין הֶחָצֵר, שֶׁהֲרֵי הִיא עֲמֻקָּה עֲשָׂרָה, וְכָל חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה נִדּוֹן מִשּׁוּם מְחִצָּה.
But within the courtyard itself it is permitted to carry, even if one did not erect partitions on the channel inside it; though the channel is a karmelis, it does not forbid the courtyard, because the excavation of the channel itself acts as a partition between the water within it and the courtyard, since it is ten tefachim deep, and every trench ten deep is treated as a partition.
סעיף גPartition from edges without joining in the middle — lavud
אִם הִתְחִיל לַעֲשׂוֹת הַמְּחִצָּה אֵצֶל הַשָּׂפָה מִכָּל צַד לְרֹחַב הָאַמָּה, וְלֹא חִבֵּר אוֹתָהּ בָּאֶמְצַע רָחְבָּהּ, אִם אֵין שָׁם בֵּינֵיהֶם ג' טְפָחִים — מֻתָּר מִשּׁוּם לָבוּד, וְאִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם ג' טְפָחִים — אָסוּר. וְאִם הַנְּקָבִים שֶׁהָאַמָּה נִכְנֶסֶת וְיוֹצֵאת בָּהֶם אֵינָם רְחָבִים ג' טְפָחִים, אֲפִלּוּ מְחִצָּה אֵין צָרִיךְ, שֶׁהֲרֵי הֵם כִּסְתוּמִים לְגַמְרֵי מִשּׁוּם לָבוּד:
If one began to build the partition at the edge from each side across the channel's width, without joining it in the middle of its width, if there is not 3 tefachim between them — it is permitted by virtue of lavud; and if there are 3 tefachim between them — it is forbidden. And if the openings through which the channel enters and exits are not 3 tefachim wide, a partition is not needed at all, since they are wholly considered sealed by virtue of lavud:
סעיף דCourtyard breached with a tongue of sea — breach and ridges
חָצֵר שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה וּלְשׁוֹן יָם עוֹבֵר עַל הַפִּרְצָה, אִם לֹא נִפְרְצָה בְּמִלּוּאָהּ וְאֵין בַּפִּרְצָה יוֹתֵר מֵעֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת — מֻתָּר לְמַלֹּאת מֵהַלָּשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּכְנָס בָּהּ וּלְהַכְנִיס הַמַּיִם לַבַּיִת. אֲבָל אִם נִפְרְצָה בְּמִלּוּאָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בַּפִּרְצָה יוֹתֵר מֵעֲשָׂרָה — אָסוּר לְמַלֹּאת מִמֶּנּוּ לֶחָצֵר. וְאִם בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁנִּפְרַץ כֹּתֶל הֶחָצֵר נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם לְמַטָּה גִּדּוּדִין גְּבוֹהִים עֲשָׂרָה, וְהַמַּיִם מְכַסִּים אוֹתָם — מֻתָּר לְמַלֹּאת מִמֶּנּוּ מַיִם לֶחָצֵר. אֲבָל אָסוּר לְהַכְנִיסָם לַבַּיִת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשׂוּ לוֹ מְחִצָּה גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה עַל הַמַּיִם.
A courtyard that was breached and a tongue of sea passes through the breach: if it was not breached its full width and the breach is no more than ten amos — it is permitted to draw from the tongue that entered into it and to bring the water into the house. But if it was breached its full width, or the breach is more than ten — it is forbidden to draw from it into the courtyard. And if, at the place where the wall of the courtyard was breached, there remain below it ridges ten high, and the waters cover them — it is permitted to draw water from it into the courtyard. But it is forbidden to bring it into the house unless they made for it a partition ten high above the water.
חידושים מיוחדים של הרב
The Rav's unique chiddushim on this siman
Originalities distinguishing the Alter Rebbe on siman 356.
Chiddush א — discontinuity by depth (356:1-4)
Chiddush 1 — discontinuity through depth (356:1-4) — the channel creates a boundary
The channel creates a boundary
Classical position: —
The Rav's chiddush: the Alter Rebbe articulates: depth creates a halachic discontinuity within the same domain.
Practical consequence: tool for domains with rivers / pools: analyze internal boundaries.
סיכות, מאמרים ואגרות הרבי
The Rebbe's words on the themes of siman 356
| Reference | Topic | Link with siman 356 |
|---|---|---|
| Likkutei Sichos | Application of Shulchan Aruch HaRav siman 356 | The Rebbe cites Shulchan Aruch HaRav siman 356 and articulates the application. |
| Igros Kodesh | Practical cases | Responses of the Rebbe to chassidim on this siman. |
⚠ Validation: research leads to verify against Kehot. Most direct source: Sha'arei Halacha u-Minhag.
הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב״ד
The practical Chabad conduct
Conduct flowing from Shulchan Aruch HaRav siman 356.
For the Chabad chassid — Siman 356
- ① A 10-tefachim deep channel creates a boundary within the courtyard. Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 356:1-4.
⚠ Consult your Rav for any concrete question.