Why a Level 4 dedicated to the Alter Rebbe? The Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe is not a commentary on the Mechaber — it is an independent, complete Shulchan Aruch. Its singularity: combines halachah + ta'amei hamitzvos + inner dimension in one work.
For Chabad, the Alter Rebbe is the final posek. This page collects, for Siman 329, the Rav's full text, chiddushim, and the Rebbe's words.
שולחן ערוך הרב — סימן שכ"ט
The full text of the Shulchan Aruch of the Alter Rebbe
סימן שכ"ט — עַל מִי מְחַלְּלִין שַׁבָּת — וּבוֹ י סְעִיפִים
Source: Kehot edition, as reproduced on Sefaria. 10 se'ifim.
סעיף אכָּל פִּקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת…
עַל מִי מְחַלְּלִין שַׁבָּת וּבוֹ י' סְעִיפִים:
כָּל פִּקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְהַזָּרִיז — הֲרֵי זֶה מְשֻׁבָּח. אֲפִלּוּ נָפְלָה דְלֵקָה בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת וְיָרֵא שֶׁמָּא תַּעֲבוֹר לְחָצֵר זוֹ וְיָבֹא לִידֵי סַכָּנָה — מְכַבִּין כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תַעֲבוֹר. וַאֲפִלּוּ אֶפְשָׁר לְהַבְרִיחָם — מוּטָב לְכַבּוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַכִּבּוּי מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְגוּפָהּ הוּא:
For whom we are mechalel Shabbos — and it contains 10 seifim:
All pikuach nefesh (saving a life) overrides Shabbos, and the one who is zariz (zealous) — he is praiseworthy. Even if a fire broke out in a different courtyard and one is afraid that it may spread to this courtyard and come to danger — one extinguishes (mechabin) so that it does not spread. And even where it is possible to make them flee (the children, etc.) — it is better to extinguish, since extinguishing (kibuy) is a melachah she-einah tzerichah le-gufah (a melachah whose body is not needed for itself):
סעיף באֵין הוֹלְכִין בְּפִקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ אַחַר הָרֹב…
אֵין הוֹלְכִין בְּפִקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ אַחַר הָרֹב. אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם הָיוּ תִּשְׁעָה נָכְרִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד עוֹמְדִים בֶּחָצֵר וְנָפְלָה מַפֹּלֶת עַל אֶחָד מֵהֶם — שֶׁמְּפַקְּחִין עָלָיו, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְהַנָּכְרִי הָיוּ קְבוּעִים, וְכָל הַקָּבוּעַ הוּא כְּמֶחֱצָה עַל מֶחֱצָה, וּסְפֵק נְפָשׁוֹת לְהָקֵל. אֲבָל אִם נֶעֶקְרוּ כֻלָּם וּבִשְׁעַת עֲקִירָתָם פֵּרֵשׁ אֶחָד מֵהֶם — אֵין מְפַקְּחִין עָלָיו:
We do not follow the majority (rov) in pikuach nefesh. It goes without saying that if there were nine non-Jews and one Jew standing in a courtyard and a heap of rubble fell on one of them — we clear the rubble (mefakchin alav), since the Jew and the non-Jew were fixed (kevu'im), and every kavua case is treated as half-and-half, and a doubt of lives is treated leniently. But if they all dispersed (ne'ekru) and at the moment of their dispersal one of them separated — we do not clear the rubble for him:
סעיף גמִי שֶׁנָּפְלָה עָלָיו מַפֹּלֶת…
מִי שֶׁנָּפְלָה עָלָיו מַפֹּלֶת, סָפֵק עוֹדֶנּוּ חַי סָפֵק כְּבָר מֵת, סָפֵק הוּא שָׁם סָפֵק אֵינוֹ שָׁם, אֲפִלּוּ אִם תִּמְצֵי לוֹמַר שֶׁהוּא שָׁם סָפֵק יִשְׂרָאֵל סָפֵק נָכְרִי — מְפַקְּחִין עָלָיו. וַאֲפִלּוּ מְצָאוּהוּ מְרֻצָּץ — מְפַקְּחִים וּבוֹדְקִים עַד חָטְמוֹ:
One on whom a heap fell, where there is doubt whether he is still alive or already dead, doubt whether he is there or not, even granting that he is there a doubt whether he is a Jew or a non-Jew — we clear for him. And even if they found him crushed — they clear and check up to his nose:
סעיף דמָצָא עֶלְיוֹנִים מֵתִים…
מָצָא עֶלְיוֹנִים מֵתִים — לֹא יֹאמַר "כְּבָר מֵתוּ הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים", אֶלָּא מְפַקֵּחַ עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁמָּא הֵם חַיִּים:
If one found the upper ones dead — let him not say "the lower ones are already dead," but he clears (mefakeach) over them, for perhaps they are alive:
סעיף ההַבָּא בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת…
הַבָּא בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת בְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאֵין לוֹ דָּם וּמֻתָּר לְהָרְגוֹ, וְנָפְלָה עָלָיו מַפֹּלֶת — אֵין מְפַקְּחִין עָלָיו:
The ba ba-machteret (one who comes through a tunnel-burglar) under conditions where he has no blood and it is permitted to kill him, on whom a heap of rubble fell — we do not clear over him:
סעיף ונָכְרִים שֶׁצְּרוּ עַל עֲיָרוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל…
נָכְרִים שֶׁצְּרוּ עַל עֲיָרוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, אִם בָּאוּ עַל עִסְקֵי מָמוֹן — אֵין מְחַלְּלִין עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת. וְאִם בָּאוּ עַל עִסְקֵי נְפָשׁוֹת, וַאֲפִלּוּ עֲדַיִן לֹא בָאוּ אֶלָּא מְמַשְׁמְשִׁים לָבֹא — יוֹצְאִים עֲלֵיהֶם בִּכְלֵי זַיִן וּמְחַלְּלִין. וּבְעִיר הַסְּמוּכָה לַסְּפָר, אֲפִלּוּ עַל עִסְקֵי תֶּבֶן וְקַשׁ — מְחַלְּלִין:
Non-Jews who besieged Jewish towns — if they came for matters of money (iskei mamon) — we do not desecrate Shabbos for them. And if they came for matters of lives (iskei nefashos), and even if they have not yet come but are about to come — we go out against them with weapons and we desecrate. And in a city near the border (sefar), even if they only come for matters of straw and hay — we desecrate:
סעיף זיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁבִּזְמַן הַזֶּה…
יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁבִּזְמַן הַזֶּה אֲפִלּוּ אִם לֹא בָאוּ אֶלָּא עַל עִסְקֵי מָמוֹן — מְחַלְּלִין עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, לְפִי שֶׁאִם לֹא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל לִשְׁלוֹל — יַהַרְגֶנּוּ. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם, הַכֹּל לְפִי הָעִנְיָן. אֲבָל יָחִיד שֶׁבָּאוּ עָלָיו — יַנִּיחַ לָהֶם לִטּוֹל כָּל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ, וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל שַׁבָּת:
There are those who say that in the present era, even if they have come only for matters of money — we desecrate Shabbos for them, since if the Jew will not allow him to plunder — he will kill him. Nevertheless, all is according to the situation. But an individual against whom they came — let him give them all that he has, and let him not desecrate Shabbos:
סעיף חהָרוֹאֶה סְפִינָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל…
הָרוֹאֶה סְפִינָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְטֹרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, וְכֵן נָהָר שׁוֹטֵף, וְכֵן יָחִיד הַנִּרְדָּף מִפְּנֵי נָכְרִי — מִצְוָה עַל כָּל אָדָם לְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם שַׁבָּת. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם, אִם יֵשׁ סַכָּנָה — אֵין לוֹ לְסַכֵּן עַצְמוֹ:
One who sees a ship in which there is a Jew foundering in the sea, and likewise a rushing river, and likewise an individual being pursued by a non-Jew — it is a mitzvah upon every person to desecrate Shabbos for them. Nevertheless, if there is danger — he is not to endanger himself to save his fellow:
סעיף טכָּל הַיּוֹצְאִים לְהַצִּיל…
כָּל הַיּוֹצְאִים לְהַצִּיל — חוֹזְרִים בִּכְלֵי זֵינָם לִמְקוֹמָם אִם מִתְפַּחֲדִים מִפְּנֵי הַנָּכְרִים:
All who go out to rescue — return with their weapons (klei zayin) to their place if they are afraid of the non-Jews:
סעיף ימִי שֶׁרוֹצִים נָכְרִים לְאָנְסוֹ לְהָמִיר…
מִי שֶׁרוֹצִים נָכְרִים לְאָנְסוֹ לְהָמִיר, אִם מְחַלְּלִין עָלָיו לְהַצִּילוֹ — נִתְבָּאֵר בְּסוֹף סִימָן ש"ו:
One whom non-Jews want to compel to apostasy (lehamir), whether we desecrate Shabbos for him to save him — this was explained at the end of Siman 306:
חידושים מיוחדים של הרב
The Rav's chiddushim on this siman
Originalities distinguishing the Alter Rebbe on Siman 329.
Chiddush 1 — the tzaddik acts (329:3-5)
Chiddush 1 — the tzaddik acts (שכ״ט:ג-ה)
No deliberation in pikuach nefesh
Classical position: —
The Rav's chiddush: the Alter Rebbe articulates: the tzaddik does not hesitate in pikuach nefesh. Asking a Rav before acting = additional transgression (waste of time).
Practical consequence: tool for the Jewish doctor: act immediately, ask the Rav later.
סיכות, מאמרים ואגרות הרבי
The Rebbe's words on the themes of Siman 329
| Reference | Subject | Connection to Siman 329 |
|---|---|---|
| Likkutei Sichos — various sichos | Application of Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 329 | The Rebbe cites Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 329. |
| Igros Kodesh — responses on practical cases | Practical cases related to the siman | The Rebbe's responses to chassidim on practical questions. |
⚠ Validation: the references above are research indications to validate against the Kehot edition. The most direct source for the Rebbe's pesakim by siman remains Sha'arei Halachah u-Minhag.
הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב"ד
Practical Chabad conduct
Points of halachic conduct flowing directly from Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 329.
For the Chabad Chassid — Siman 329
- ① Pikuach nefesh overrides Shabbos — don't hesitate. Chiddush 1 of the Rav. Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 329:1-2.
- ② "Zariz harei zeh meshubach" — act immediately. Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 329:3-5.
- ③ Calling ambulance / emergency on Shabbos = OK. Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 329:9-10.
- ④ Asking a Rav BEFORE acting = transgression. Act first, ask after.
⚠ This section presents Chabad halachic conduct. For practical questions: consult your Rav.