DAAT · LEVEL 4 — DAAT HARAV · Shitah of the Alter Rebbe

דעת הרב

Daat HaRav — The Shulchan Aruch HaRav on Siman 371

A resident of the courtyard who goes to spend Shabbos elsewhere, or who dies: does his house still prohibit the other residents? A house inherited by day or after nightfall, a convert who dies, one who is dying, a minor and a guest. The 6 seifim of the Shulchan Aruch HaRav, compared with the 6 seifim of the Mechaber.

Why a Level 4 dedicated to the Alter Rebbe? The Shulchan Aruch HaRav is not a commentary on the Mechaber: it is a Shulchan Aruch in its own right, written by the Alter Rebbe, with its own division and numbering of the seifim. Here the Shulchan Aruch HaRav has 6 seifim, and the Shulchan Aruch of the Mechaber 6 as well, but they are divided differently: the Rav's seif 1 carries what the Mechaber says in his seifim א and ב (the case of the non-Jew, which the Mechaber treats in seif א, is referred there to Siman 383); the Rav's seifim 2, 3 and 4 correspond to the Mechaber's seifim ג, ד and ה; and the Mechaber's seif ו is divided between the Rav's seifim 5 and 6. References on this page follow the Rav's numbering, unless the Mechaber's Shulchan Aruch is named; the Mechaber's seifim are designated by their Hebrew letter.

This page gathers, for Siman 371, the full text of the Rav with its translation, where his text differs from that of the Mechaber, and the practical conduct that follows from it.

→ Read the general preface on the shitah of the Alter Rebbe

1 · Text of the Alter Rebbe

שלחן ערוך הרב — סימן שע״א

The full text of the Shulchan Aruch HaRav of the Alter Rebbe

סימן שע״א — כְּשֶׁאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר נִפְרָד מִשָּׁם אוֹ מֵת — וּבוֹ ו׳ סְעִיפִים
Source: Kehot edition, as reproduced on Sefaria. 6 seifim (the Mechaber's Shulchan Aruch has 6 as well, under its own numbering and with a different division).

סעיף א כְּשֶׁאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר נִפְרָד מִשָּׁם אוֹ מֵת וּבוֹ ו' סְעִיפִים: דִּירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים אֵינָהּ דִּירָה…

כְּשֶׁאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר נִפְרָד מִשָּׁם אוֹ מֵת וּבוֹ ו' סְעִיפִים:

דִּירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים אֵינָהּ דִּירָה וְאֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת בְּחָצֵר, וְגַם מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל מִמֶּנָּה לְחָצֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ דִּיּוּרִים אֲחֵרִים שֶׁעֵרְבוּ בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְאֵינוֹ כְּמוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת. לְפִיכָךְ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר שֶׁהִנִּיחַ בֵּיתוֹ וְהָלַךְ עִם כָּל בְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ וְשָׁבַת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה סְמוּכָה לַחֲצֵרוֹ — אִם הִסִּיחַ לִבּוֹ וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזוֹר לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁבֵּיתוֹ שָׁמָּה אִם עֵרְבוּ בֵּינֵיהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לֹא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם. וּמֻתָּרִים לְטַלְטֵל גַּם מִבֵּיתוֹ לְחָצֵר.

וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם אַחַר כָּךְ נִמְלַךְ וְחָזַר לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁכְּבָר הִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ בִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת, הֲרֵי שַׁבָּת זוֹ — כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה, וְשׁוּב לֹא תֵאָסֵר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שס״ב.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁהָלַךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אֲבָל אִם הָלַךְ מִשֶּׁחָשֵׁכָה — אוֹסֵר כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר.

וְנָכְרִי שֶׁהָלַךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ יִתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שפ״ג:

When one of the residents of a courtyard departs from there or dies; and it contains 6 seifim:

A dwelling without its owner (dirah b'lo ba'alim) is not a dwelling, and it does not prohibit in the courtyard; and it is also permitted to carry (l'taltel) from it into a courtyard in which there are other residents who made an eruv among themselves, and this is not like carrying out from one domain to another. Therefore, one of the residents of a courtyard who left his house, went with all the members of his household and spent Shabbos in another courtyard, even if it was adjacent to his courtyard: if he put it out of his mind and does not intend to return to his house on Shabbos, he does not prohibit the residents of the courtyard where his house is, if they made an eruv among themselves, even though he did not make the eruv with them. And they are permitted to carry from his house, too, into the courtyard.

And even if afterwards he changed his mind and returned to his house on Shabbos, he does not prohibit: since he had already put it out of his mind when Shabbos began, then this Shabbos, once it was permitted, remains permitted (keivan shehutrah hutrah), and it will not become prohibited again, as was explained in Siman 362.

When is this said? When he left his house while it was still day. But if he left after nightfall, he prohibits when he returns.

And a non-Jew who left his house will be explained in Siman 383.

סעיף ב אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ בַּיִת בְּחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה…

אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ בַּיִת בְּחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה דָר בָּהּ וְלָכֵן לֹא עֵרֵב בָּהּ, וּמֵת וְהִנִּיחַ רְשׁוּתוֹ לְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי אוֹתָהּ חָצֵר — אִם מֵת מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, אֵין הַזּוֹכֶה אוֹסֵר, לְפִי שֶׁהָעֵרוּב שֶׁעֵרֵב עַל בַּיִת שֶׁלּוֹ מַתִּיר גַּם בַּיִת שֶׁיָּרַשׁ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, שֶׁאַף שֶׁהָעֵרוּב נַעֲשָׂה קֹדֶם הַיְרֻשָּׁה, מִכָּל מָקוֹם הֲרֵי קְנִיַּת הָעֵרוּב הוּא בִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְאָז יְרָשׁוֹ כְּבָר. אֲבָל אִם מֵת מִשֶּׁחָשֵׁכָה — אוֹסֵר הַזּוֹכֶה בּוֹ עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר, וְגַם הוּא אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בֶּחָצֵר, בֵּין מִבַּיִת שֶׁלּוֹ בֵּין מִבַּיִת זֶה, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם, אֵינוֹ מוֹעִיל לְזֶה שֶׁיָּרַשׁ בְּשַׁבָּת אַחַר קְנִיַּת הָעֵרוּב. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם זֶה הַזּוֹכֶה לֹא נִכְנַס עֲדַיִן בְּבַיִת זֶה לָדוּר בּוֹ, אֵין זוֹ דִירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא דָר בְּחָצֵר זוֹ וְרָאוּי לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּבַיִת זֶה שֶׁיְּרָשׁוֹ — אָנוּ חוֹשְׁבִין אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ נִכְנַס לָדוּר בּוֹ.

וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת כְּשֶׁהָיָה מוֹרִישׁוֹ חַי וְלֹא הָיָה דָר בּוֹ הָיְתָה דִירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים, וְלֹא הָיְתָה אוֹסֶרֶת עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר — אֵין אוֹמְרִים בְּזֶה "שַׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה", לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים כֵּן אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הָיָה הַדָּבָר בָּרוּר שֶׁלֹּא תַחֲזוֹר וְתֵאָסֵר, כְּגוֹן מִי שֶׁהָלַךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם וְהִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לַחֲזוֹר עַד מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ הַדָּבָר יָדוּעַ בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁלֹּא יַחֲזוֹר וְהֻתְּרָה אָז לְכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְלָכֵן אֵינָהּ חוֹזֶרֶת וְנֶאֱסֶרֶת כְּשֶׁנִּמְלַךְ אַחַר כָּךְ וְחָזַר. אֲבָל כַּאן אֵין הַדָּבָר יָדוּעַ בְּוַדַּאי בִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא בַּעַל הַבַּיִת זֶה לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא בָא בִּכְנִיסַת שַׁבָּת, הִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ וּבְוַדַּאי לֹא יָבֹא כָּל הַשַּׁבָּת:

One from the marketplace (echad min hashuk) who had a house in a courtyard in which he did not live, and therefore did not make an eruv there, died and left his domain (reshuso) to one of the residents of that courtyard: if he died while it was still day, the one who acquires it (hazocheh) does not prohibit, because the eruv he made for his own house also permits the house he inherited while it was still day; for although the eruv was made before the inheritance, the acquisition of the eruv takes place when Shabbos begins, and by then he had already inherited it. But if he died after nightfall, the one who acquires it prohibits the residents of the courtyard, and he too is forbidden to carry in the courtyard, whether from his own house or from this house; and although he made the eruv with them, it does not help for the one he inherited on Shabbos, after the acquisition of the eruv. And even if this one who acquires it has not yet entered this house to live in it, this is not a dwelling without its owner: since he lives in this courtyard and is able to use this house that he inherited, we regard him as if he had entered to live in it.

And although when Shabbos began, while the one he inherits from was alive and did not live in it, it was a dwelling without its owner and did not prohibit the residents of the courtyard, we do not say in this case “once Shabbos was permitted, it remains permitted”: for this is said only when, at the time it was permitted, it was clear that it would not become prohibited again — for example, one who left his house while it was still day and put it out of his mind not to return until the end of Shabbos: at the time he put it out of his mind, it is known with certainty that he will not return, and it became permitted then for all of Shabbos; therefore it does not become prohibited again when he changes his mind afterwards and returns. But here it is not known with certainty when Shabbos begins that the owner of this house will not come to his house on Shabbos, and we do not say that, since he did not come when Shabbos began, he put it out of his mind and will certainly not come all Shabbos.

סעיף ג אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁמֵּת בְּשַׁבָּת וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ בְּנֵי בַיִת…

אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁמֵּת בְּשַׁבָּת וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ בְּנֵי בַיִת בְּבֵיתוֹ, אִם עֵרֵב, אֲפִלּוּ יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַשּׁוּק וְנִכְנַס לָדוּר בּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת — אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לֹא עֵרֵב בְּחָצֵר זוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁשַּׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה בְּעֵרוּב הַמּוֹרִישׁ — הֻתְּרָה, וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה הַמּוֹרִישׁ גּוֹסֵס מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר.

וְאִם הַמּוֹרִישׁ לֹא עֵרֵב, וִירָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָא לָדוּר בּוֹ — אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. בָּא לָדוּר בּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת — אוֹסֵר. שֶׁלֹּא שַׁיָּךְ כַּאן "שַׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה" (כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא הֻתְּרָה בִּתְחִלָּתָהּ, וְעוֹד) מִטַּעַם שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְמַעְלָה.

וְאִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר — אוֹסֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנַס עֲדַיִן לָדוּר בּוֹ, מִטַּעַם שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְמַעְלָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם עֵרֵב עִם בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר בִּשְׁבִיל בַּיִת שֶׁלּוֹ, אֵין עֵרוּב זֶה מוֹעִיל לְבַיִת זֶה שֶׁיְּרָשׁוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אַחַר קְנִיַּת הָעֵרוּב.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁהַיּוֹרֵשׁ דָּר בְּבַיִת אַחֵר בְּחָצֵר זוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה דָר בְּבַיִת זֶה עִם הַמּוֹרִישׁ, וְנָתַן לָעֵרוּב מִשֶּׁלּוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל בַּיִת זֶה שֶׁל הַמּוֹרִישׁ — הֲרֵי זֶה מוֹעִיל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן ש״ע, שֶׁבְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם יְכוֹלִים לְעָרֵב מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן בְּעַד בֵּיתוֹ.

וְאִם מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם מֵת הַמּוֹרִישׁ, וִירָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְעָרֵב עִם בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר — הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר אִם נִכְנַס לָדוּר בּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, אֲפִלּוּ אִם הַמּוֹרִישׁ עֵרֵב כְּבָר בְּחַיָּיו, לְפִי שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁמֵּת — בָּטֵל עֵרוּבוֹ:

One of the residents of the courtyard who died on Shabbos and did not leave members of his household in his house: if he had made the eruv, even if one from the marketplace inherited it and entered to live in it on Shabbos, he does not prohibit, although he did not make an eruv in this courtyard, because Shabbos, once it was permitted through the eruv of the one he inherits from, remains permitted; provided that the one he inherits from was not dying (goses) while it was still day, as will be explained.

And if the one he inherits from did not make the eruv, and one from the marketplace inherited it: as long as he does not come to live in it, he does not prohibit; if he came to live in it on Shabbos, he prohibits, for “once Shabbos was permitted, it remains permitted” does not apply here (since it was not permitted at its beginning; and moreover) for the reason explained above.

And if one of the residents of the courtyard inherited it, he prohibits even though he has not yet entered to live in it, for the reason explained above. And even if he made the eruv with the residents of the courtyard for his own house, this eruv does not help for this house that he inherited on Shabbos, after the acquisition of the eruv.

When is this said? When the heir lives in another house in this courtyard. But if he lived in this house with the one he inherits from, and gave for the eruv from what is his for this house of the one he inherits from, this helps, as was explained in Siman 370: the members of a person's household can make the eruv from what is theirs on behalf of his house.

And if the one he inherits from died while it was still day, and one from the marketplace who does not make the eruv with the residents of the courtyard inherited it, he prohibits if he entered to live in it on Shabbos, even if the one he inherits from had already made the eruv in his lifetime, because once he died, his eruv is void.

סעיף ד יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֵר שֶׁהָיוּ דָרִים בֶּחָצֵר וְעֵרְבוּ יַחַד, וּמֵת הַגֵּר…

יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֵר שֶׁהָיוּ דָרִים בֶּחָצֵר וְעֵרְבוּ יַחַד, וּמֵת הַגֵּר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, וְהֶחֱזִיק יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֵר בִּנְכָסָיו, אֲפִלּוּ לֹא הֶחֱזִיק עַד שֶׁחָשֵׁכָה — אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל רְשׁוּתוֹ כִּשְׁאָר יוֹרֵשׁ שֶׁיּוּכַל לְבַטֵּל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שפ״א. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנַס יִשְׂרָאֵל זֶה בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל גֵּר, הָיְתָה דִירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים וְלֹא הָיְתָה אוֹסֶרֶת — אֵין אוֹמְרִים בָּהּ "שַׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה", הוֹאִיל וְהָיְתָה רְאוּיָה לְהַחֲזִיק בָּהּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, וְהָיְתָה תְּלוּיָה וְעוֹמֶדֶת, וְלֹא הָיָה אָז הֶתֵּרָהּ בָּרוּר שֶׁתְּהֵא מֻתֶּרֶת כָּל הַשַּׁבָּת.

אֲבָל אִם מִשֶּׁחָשֵׁכָה מֵת הַגֵּר — אֵין הַמַּחֲזִיק אוֹסֵר, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁבִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת הָיָה מֻתָּר מֵחֲמַת עֵרוּבוֹ שֶׁל גֵּר, אָנוּ אוֹמְרִים "שַׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה". וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה גוֹסֵס מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר:

A Jew and a convert (ger) who lived in the courtyard and made the eruv together; the convert died while it was still day, and another Jew took possession (hechezik) of his property: even if he did not take possession until after nightfall, he prohibits until he renounces his domain (yevatel reshuso), like any other heir, who can renounce, as will be explained in Siman 381. And although when Shabbos began, as long as this Jew had not entered the convert's house, it was a dwelling without its owner and did not prohibit, we do not say of it “once Shabbos was permitted, it remains permitted”, since it was fit to be taken possession of while it was still day, and it was in suspense, and its permission was not then clear to last all Shabbos.

But if the convert died after nightfall, the one who takes possession does not prohibit: since when Shabbos began it was permitted by virtue of the convert's eruv, we say “once Shabbos was permitted, it remains permitted”. Provided that he was not dying while it was still day, as will be explained.

סעיף ה אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהוּא גוֹסֵס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ…

אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהוּא גוֹסֵס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת בּוֹ בַיּוֹם — אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּזַכּוּ לוֹ בְּפַת וִיעָרְבוּ עָלָיו. וְאִם מֵת בְּשַׁבָּת — אֵין אוֹמְרִים בּוֹ "שַׁבָּת כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הֻתְּרָה", כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין הָעֵרוּב רָאוּי לְהִתְקַיֵּם כָּל הַשַּׁבָּת, שֶׁרֹב גּוֹסְסִין לְמִיתָה. וּלְפִיכָךְ אִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם, אוֹסֵר אֲפִלּוּ אִם לֹא נִכְנַס עֲדַיִן לָדוּר בּוֹ, אוֹ אִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק וְנִכְנַס לָדוּר בּוֹ:

One of the residents of the courtyard who is dying (goses), even though he cannot survive that day, prohibits until they transfer to him [a share] in bread (yezaku lo b'pas) and make the eruv on his behalf. And if he died on Shabbos, we do not say of him “once Shabbos was permitted, it remains permitted”, since the eruv is not fit to endure all Shabbos, for most of those who are dying go on to die. And therefore, if one of the residents of the courtyard who did not make the eruv with them inherited it, he prohibits even if he has not yet entered to live in it; or if one from the marketplace inherited it and entered to live in it.

סעיף ו וְכֵן קָטָן אוֹסֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכוֹל…

וְכֵן קָטָן אוֹסֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכוֹל כְּזַיִת.

אֲבָל אוֹרֵחַ אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן ש״ע:

And likewise a minor (katan) prohibits, even though he cannot eat an olive's volume (kezayis).

But a guest (orei'ach) does not prohibit, as was explained in Siman 370.

Source: Sefaria — Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim 371. Sefaria gives no Kuntres Acharon entry for this siman.

2 · The Rav's text and the Mechaber's

לשון הרב מול סעיף המחבר

Where the Rav's text differs from the Mechaber's seif

Each point sets side by side a seif of the Mechaber's Shulchan Aruch (its numbering, 6 seifim, designated by their letter) and the corresponding seif of the Shulchan Aruch HaRav (its own numbering, also 6 seifim, divided differently), in the order of the Rav's seifim, and notes only what the comparison of the two texts shows. A point noted is not thereby peculiar to the Rav: at each point this page names the commentators on the Mechaber who already state it — the Magen Avraham and the Taz, before him; the Mishnah Berurah and the Biur Halachah, later than the Rav — and when they read the point into the Mechaber's own words, it says so. The Tur and the Beis Yosef are named where they already state what the Rav writes (notably at points א, ב and ד); the Rishonim they report have not been compared one by one.

Not listed here as separate points are details of the Rav's text that make explicit the corresponding seif of the Mechaber. In seif 3, the Rav writes of the heir who lived with the deceased « וְנָתַן לָעֵרוּב מִשֶּׁלּוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל בַּיִת זֶה שֶׁל הַמּוֹרִישׁ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ג), with the reason « שֶׁבְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם יְכוֹלִים לְעָרֵב מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן בְּעַד בֵּיתוֹ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ג), where the Mechaber writes « אם עירב היורש והיה דר עם המוריש בבי׳ אינו אוסר אע״פ שלא עירב המוריש » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ד); the Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, gives the same reason: « שבני ביתו של אדם מערבין לו שלא מדעתו » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק כ׳). In seif 4, the Rav writes that the Jew and the convert had made the eruv together — the Taz reads this into the Mechaber's seif ה: « פי׳ ועירבו ביחד » (ט״ז או״ח שע״א ס״ק ה) — and gives the reason why, when the convert died by day, one does not say that Shabbos remains permitted, « הוֹאִיל וְהָיְתָה רְאוּיָה לְהַחֲזִיק בָּהּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, וְהָיְתָה תְּלוּיָה וְעוֹמֶדֶת » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ד), which the Magen Avraham writes before him: « כיון דראוי להחזיק מבע״י ה״ל רשות זו תלוי׳ ועומדת ולא הותר למקצת שבת » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ז). When the convert dies after nightfall, the Mechaber already gives the rule and its reason: « מת משחשיכה אין המחזיק אוסר שבהיתר הראשון עומד » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ה).

נקודה א — דירה בלא בעלים, ותנאי הדין (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א)

Point א — a dwelling without its owner, and the conditions of the rule (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:1)

A dwelling without its owner

What the Mechaber writes: « א׳ מבני חצר שהניח ביתו והלך ושבת בחצר אחר׳ אפי׳ היתה סמוכה לחצרו אם הסיח מלבו ואין דעתו לחזור לביתו בשב׳ הרי זה אינו אוסר עליהם » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:א). His seif א gives the rule without stating its reason.

What the Rav writes: he opens the siman with the principle, « דִּירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים אֵינָהּ דִּירָה וְאֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת בְּחָצֵר » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א), and adds a second rule to it, « וְגַם מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל מִמֶּנָּה לְחָצֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ דִּיּוּרִים אֲחֵרִים שֶׁעֵרְבוּ בֵּינֵיהֶם » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א). Then, for the resident who went to spend Shabbos elsewhere, he writes that he went « וְהָלַךְ עִם כָּל בְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א), that he does not prohibit « אִם עֵרְבוּ בֵּינֵיהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לֹא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א), and « וּמֻתָּרִים לְטַלְטֵל גַּם מִבֵּיתוֹ לְחָצֵר » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א).

The difference: the Mechaber's seif א does not state the principle of a dwelling without its owner; that principle is not peculiar to the Rav: the Tur already opens his siman with it and draws the rule from it, « דירה בלא בעלים אינה אוסרת הלכך » (טור או״ח שע״א), and the Beis Yosef begins his commentary on the siman with these words, « דירה בלא בעלים אינה אוסרת וכו׳ » (בית יוסף או״ח שע״א). Neither the Mechaber's seif א nor the Tur says that the resident went with all the members of his household, that the other residents made an eruv among themselves, or that one may carry from the dwelling without its owner, and from his house, into the courtyard; the Rav's text states it.

Among the Mechaber's commentators: the Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, gives the same reason, « והטעם דדירה בלא בעלים לא שמה דירה ואינה אוסרת בחצר אף שלא נתנה חלק בעירוב » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק א), and reads the condition into the Mechaber's seif: « מיירי שהלך עם כל ב״ב משם ומבעוד יום » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק ב). It thus explains the Mechaber's seif in this way.

Practical consequence: according to the Rav's text, the house of one who went away with all the members of his household, without intending to return on Shabbos, does not prohibit the residents who made an eruv among themselves, and they may carry from his house into the courtyard (371:1); see section 4, point ①.

נקודה ב — מי שהלך משחשכה (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א)

Point ב — one who left after nightfall (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:1)

One who left after nightfall

What the Mechaber writes: « ישראל בן חצר זו שהלך לשבו׳ בחצר אחר׳ ואין דעתו לחזור בשב׳ ואח״כ נמלך בשב׳ וחזר אינו אוסר » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ב). He does not say at what time the resident left.

What the Rav writes: « וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם אַחַר כָּךְ נִמְלַךְ וְחָזַר לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א), since « שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁכְּבָר הִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ בִּכְנִיסַת הַשַּׁבָּת » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א); then he limits the rule: « בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? כְּשֶׁהָלַךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אֲבָל אִם הָלַךְ מִשֶּׁחָשֵׁכָה — אוֹסֵר כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א).

The difference: the Mechaber's seif ב does not distinguish by the time of departure; the Rav's text limits the rule to one who left while it was still day, and writes that one who left after nightfall prohibits when he returns. The limit to leaving by day is not peculiar to the Rav: the Tur already writes it, together with the rule of one who returns, « והולך מבע״י לשבות אצל בתו אפילו באות׳ העיר אינו אוסר אפילו חזר בשבת » (טור או״ח שע״א) — he speaks of one who goes to spend Shabbos at his daughter's, and at once limits the rule to that case; that one who left after nightfall prohibits when he returns, the Tur does not write. What the Rav holds for the time this resident is away, his seif 1 does not say, and this page does not infer it.

Among the Mechaber's commentators: the Magen Avraham comments on the wording of the Tur, according to whom the resident left his house מבע״י, while it was still day (the Biur Halachah notes it too: כן כתב הטור), and writes: « נ״ל דנקט כן לאשמועי׳ דאפי׳ חזר אין אוסר » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק א) — the first of his two explanations matches what the Rav's text writes; he at once proposes another, concerning the non-Jew, « א״נ נקט מבע״י משום עכו״ם עססי׳ שפ״ג » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק א); then he adds: « אבל באמת אפי׳ הי׳ כאן ולא עירב והלך בשבת אינו אוסר » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק א). The Biur Halachah reads this Magen Avraham thus, « ואף דכתב המגן אברהם דהטור לאו דוקא קאמר שה״ה אם הלך בשבת כשהסיח דעתו שלא לחזור היום » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and disagrees, among other things from Rashi: « וכ״כ רש״י בדף מ״ז בהדיא דמיירי מבע״י » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and concludes: « וע״כ נראה פשוט דאין להקל כשהלך בשבת אם לא בשעת הדחק אפשר דיש לסמוך על דעת המגן אברהם כשהסיח דעתו בהדיא » (ביאור הלכה שע״א). The Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, writes « מיירי שהלך עם כל ב״ב משם ומבעוד יום » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק ב), and reports « ויש מקילין אפילו כשהלך בשבת אם לא חזר בו ביום » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק ב). On the rule of the Mechaber's seif ב itself — one who changed his mind and returned — the Biur Halachah writes « עיין בב״י שהביא דעות המחמירין בזה אך הוא נטה להקל » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), then « והגר״א בביאורו משמע דדעתו לפסוק כדעת המחמירים » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and concludes: « וע״כ יש להחמיר אם לא בשעת הדחק » (ביאור הלכה שע״א); the Rav's text, like the Mechaber, writes that he does not prohibit.

Practical consequence: according to the Rav's text, one who left while it was still day, without intending to return on Shabbos, does not prohibit, even if he changed his mind and returned; one who left after nightfall prohibits when he returns (371:1). For one who returns, the Biur Halachah concludes that one should be stringent, except in a pressing situation (above): consult your Rav. See section 4, point ②.

נקודה ג — הנכרי שהלך מביתו (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א)

Point ג — a non-Jew who left his house (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:1)

A non-Jew who left his house

What the Mechaber writes: in the same seif א, the Mechaber writes « אבל בעכו״ם אפי׳ הלך לשבו׳ בעיר אחר׳ אוסר עליהם עד שישכרו ממנו מקומו » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:א), then reports the view « וי״א שגם עכו״ם אם הלך לשבו׳ בחצר אחר׳ אינו אוסר » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:א); then, in small type, in square brackets and without the word הגה, the text has « וכן נראה עיקר » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:א) and « ואם בא העכו״ם בשבת ע״ל סי׳ שפ״ג » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:א). The text does not name their author; the Taz attributes the decision to the Rema: « והכריע רמ״א להקל בעכום בספק » (ט״ז או״ח שע״א ס״ק א).

What the Rav writes: « וְנָכְרִי שֶׁהָלַךְ מִבֵּיתוֹ יִתְבָּאֵר בְּסִמָּן שפ״ג » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:א).

The difference: the Mechaber's seif א deals here with the non-Jew who left, and the first bracketed mention, which the Taz attributes to the Rema, decides it; the second refers to Siman 383 only for a non-Jew who comes on Shabbos; the Rav's text does not treat this case in this siman and refers all of it to Siman 383. This page does not report here what the Rav writes there.

Practical consequence: for a non-Jew who left his house, the Rav's text refers to Siman 383 (371:1); this page draws no conduct from it here.

נקודה ד — בית שירשו משחשכה: למה אין אומרים שבת כיון שהותרה הותרה (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב)

Point ד — a house inherited after nightfall: why one does not say that Shabbos remains permitted (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:2)

A house inherited after nightfall

What the Mechaber writes: « ואם מת משחשיכה אוסר אע״פ שעירב הזוכה עמהם אינו מועיל למה שירש אח״כ בשב׳ » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ג).

What the Rav writes: he defines the case, the one from the marketplace « שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ בַּיִת בְּחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה דָר בָּהּ וְלָכֵן לֹא עֵרֵב בָּהּ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב); he adds, for the heir, « וְגַם הוּא אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל בֶּחָצֵר, בֵּין מִבַּיִת שֶׁלּוֹ בֵּין מִבַּיִת זֶה » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב), and « וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם זֶה הַזּוֹכֶה לֹא נִכְנַס עֲדַיִן בְּבַיִת זֶה לָדוּר בּוֹ, אֵין זוֹ דִירָה בְּלֹא בְעָלִים » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב). Then he writes why one does not say here that Shabbos, permitted when it began, remains permitted: « לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים כֵּן אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהֻתְּרָה הָיָה הַדָּבָר בָּרוּר שֶׁלֹּא תַחֲזוֹר וְתֵאָסֵר » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב), and « וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא בָא בִּכְנִיסַת שַׁבָּת, הִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ וּבְוַדַּאי לֹא יָבֹא כָּל הַשַּׁבָּת » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב). In seif 3, for the heir from the marketplace when the deceased had not made the eruv, he gives two reasons: « (כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא הֻתְּרָה בִּתְחִלָּתָהּ, וְעוֹד) מִטַּעַם שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְמַעְלָה » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ג).

The difference: the Mechaber's seif ג writes that the heir prohibits, and does not say that he himself may not carry, nor why one does not say here that Shabbos, permitted when it began, remains permitted; the Rav's text writes both. That he prohibits even before entering the house, the Rav's text also writes for this case, and the Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, writes it for this seif (ס״ק י״ב, below); the reason is not peculiar to the Rav: the Rosh, reported by the Beis Yosef, writes it for an heir who lives in another house in the courtyard — the case of the Mechaber's seif ד —, « ומיהו אי הוה דייר היורש בחצר בבית אחר אוסר אע״פ שלא נכנס לדור בבית כיון שהוא בחצר וראוי להשתמש בו חשבינן כאילו נכנס לדור בבית ואוסר עליהם כיון שלא עירב » (בית יוסף או״ח שע״א), then adds that the heir's eruv does not serve for the house he inherited on Shabbos, and it is for this rule that he brings the baraisa of the Mechaber's seif ג: « ואע״פ שהיורש עירב עמהם אין אותו עירוב מועיל לבית שירש בשבת כדתניא » (בית יוסף או״ח שע״א); and in seif ד the Mechaber writes of the heir from the courtyard who lived in another house that he prohibits, without the condition he sets for the heir from the marketplace, of having come to live there, « ואם לא היה דר עם המוריש אלא בבי׳ אחר שבחצר אוסר אע״פ שעירב היורש » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ד), where the Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, reads the same reason: « כיון דיש לו בית באותו חצר שדר בו וראוי לו להשתמש גם באותו בית שירש חשבינן כאלו נכנס לדור בו » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק כ״א).

Among the Mechaber's commentators: the question is the Bach's, reported by the Magen Avraham, « וא״ת נימא שבת הואיל והותרה הותרה (ב״ח) » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ד), and by the Taz, who calls him his father-in-law: « ומו״ח ז״ל הקשה כאן נימא כיון דהותר׳ שבת הותרה » (ט״ז או״ח שע״א ס״ק ג). The Taz answers: « ולא דק דכאן לא הותר בכניסת שבת שהרי לא היה שם עירוב » (ט״ז או״ח שע״א ס״ק ג). The Magen Avraham answers otherwise, following Rashi and Tosafos, « ולא ראה דברי רש״י ותוס׳ שכתבו דמיירי שהי׳ לו דיר׳ בחצר זו וצריך לערב » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ד), and « ובא לאשמועי׳ דלא נימא כיון דלא בא בכניסת השב׳ הסיח מלבו » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ד); and in the next se'if katan he writes of the heir from the marketplace: « דבדידיה לא אמרי׳ שהסיח מלבו דדוקא כשהי׳ כאן והלך לו אמרי׳ כן » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ה). According to the Rav's text, one says keivan shehutrah hutrah only when it was clear, at the time Shabbos was permitted, that it would not become prohibited again, and he gives as an example one who left his house while it was still day. The Magen Avraham's ס״ק ד, quoted above, has almost the Rav's words, and the ס״ק ה, his example; the Rav's sentence is « וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא בָא בִּכְנִיסַת שַׁבָּת, הִסִּיחַ מִלִּבּוֹ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ב). This page does not thereby say that the Rav follows the Magen Avraham's reading of the sugya in everything. The Biur Halachah reports that the Taz's answer was challenged, « וכבר השיג הגר״א וכן שארי אחרונים על תירוץ הט״ז » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and so was the answer of the Magen Avraham's ס״ק ד, « ועיין מה שתירץ המגן אברהם בסק״ד וגם ע״ז השיג הגר״א » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and writes: « אכן לפי מה שכתב המגן אברהם בסק״ה מתורץ קושית הב״ח ואין אנו צריכין כלל לתירוצו שתירץ בסק״ד » (ביאור הלכה שע״א). In seif 3, the first of the Rav's two reasons, in parentheses in his text, matches the Taz's. The Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, writes as he does that the heir prohibits even before entering: « אפילו אם לא בא היורש לדור באותו בית מ״מ מקרי דירה בבעלים כיון שהוא דר באותה חצר » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק י״ב).

Practical consequence: according to the Rav's text, if the one from the marketplace died after nightfall, the resident of the courtyard who inherits his house prohibits the residents, and he himself may not carry in the courtyard, whether from his own house or from this one, even if he has not yet entered it and even if he made the eruv with them (371:2); see section 4, point ③.

נקודה ה — גוסס שמת בשבת (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ה)

Point ה — one who is dying and dies on Shabbos (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:5)

One who is dying and dies on Shabbos

What the Mechaber writes: in seif ד, « א׳ מן החצר שמת בשב׳ אם עירב אפי׳ ירשו א׳ מבני השוק אינו אוסר » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ד); and in seif ו, « א׳ מבני חצר שהיה גוסס אף על פי שאינו יכול לחיות בו ביום אוסר עד שיזכו לו בפת ויערבו עליו » (שו״ע או״ח שע״א:ו).

What the Rav writes: this point brings together with seif 5 the conditions the Rav sets, on the same case, in his seifim 3 and 4; the passages are quoted in the order of the seifim. In seifim 3 and 4, when he writes that Shabbos remains permitted through the deceased's eruv, he adds « וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה הַמּוֹרִישׁ גּוֹסֵס מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ג), and « וּבִלְבָד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה גוֹסֵס מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ד). In seif 5, if he dies on Shabbos, one does not say of him that Shabbos, once permitted, remains permitted, « כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין הָעֵרוּב רָאוּי לְהִתְקַיֵּם כָּל הַשַּׁבָּת, שֶׁרֹב גּוֹסְסִין לְמִיתָה » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ה), and from this he writes: « וּלְפִיכָךְ אִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם, אוֹסֵר אֲפִלּוּ אִם לֹא נִכְנַס עֲדַיִן לָדוּר בּוֹ, אוֹ אִם יְרָשׁוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק וְנִכְנַס לָדוּר בּוֹ » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ה).

The difference: the Mechaber's seif ד writes that the heir does not prohibit, without excepting the case where the deceased was dying by day; and his seif ו writes that one who is dying prohibits until they transfer to him [a share] in bread and make the eruv on his behalf, without saying what applies if he dies on Shabbos. The Rav's text writes both.

Among the Mechaber's commentators: the Magen Avraham writes it before him, on the Mechaber's seif ו: « ואם מת בשבת אוסר כיון שאין העירוב ראוי להתקיים כל השבת דרוב גוססין למיתה » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ח), with the reference « הגהות תוספות דף ס״ה » (מגן אברהם שע״א ס״ק ח). The Mishnah Berurah, later than the Rav, reports it and specifies the cases: « אך המ״א מיירי שירשו אחד מן השוק ובא לדור שם בשבת או שירשו אחד מבני החצר שדר בבית אחר » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק ל״ג). The Rav's text also names one from the marketplace who comes to live there; but for the heir from the courtyard it writes « שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶם » (שו״ע הרב שע״א:ה), where the Mishnah Berurah writes « שדר בבית אחר » (משנה ברורה שע״א ס״ק ל״ג). The Biur Halachah draws from the Magen Avraham, for the Mechaber's seif ד: « ע״כ מיירי הכא שבעת כניסת השבת לא היה עדיין גוסס » (ביאור הלכה שע״א); but it reports that the Atzei Almogim disputes the rule, « ועיין בספר עצי אלמוגים שמפקפק מאד על עיקר דין זה » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), among other reasons because in seif ד the Tur and the Shulchan Aruch say nothing of it, « ולא התנו דדוקא כשלא היה גוסס » (ביאור הלכה שע״א), and it concludes: « ובשעת הדחק נראה דיש לסמוך ע״ז » (ביאור הלכה שע״א). Whether the Mechaber's silence in seif ד is a disagreement or a case he does not write, this page does not decide.

Practical consequence: according to the Rav's text, one who is dying prohibits until they transfer to him [a share] in bread and make the eruv on his behalf; if he dies on Shabbos, the resident of the courtyard who did not make the eruv with them and inherits from him prohibits even before entering, and one from the marketplace who inherits from him prohibits if he enters (371:5); and one does not say keivan shehutrah hutrah through the eruv of a deceased who was dying while it was still day (371:3, 371:4). The Biur Halachah writes that in a pressing situation it seems one may rely on the opposing view (above): consult your Rav. See section 4, point ⑥.

3 · Divrei HaRebbe

שיחות, מאמרים ואגרות הרבי

The words of the Rebbe on the themes of Siman 371

No verified reference to date.
We attribute to the Rebbe only verifiable primary sources (a letter, sicha, or identifiable pesak, with a link). At this stage, no statement of the Rebbe directly tied to this siman could be confirmed against Sefaria or Chabad.org — we prefer to show nothing rather than an unsourced reference.
Priority research lead for the Rebbe's pesakim arranged by siman: Shaarei Halachah u-Minhag (Kehot edition). Any confirmed reference will be added here with its clickable link.
4 · Lemaaseh

הלכה למעשה — מנהג חב״ד

The practical Chabad conduct

Points of halachic conduct that flow directly from the Shulchan Aruch HaRav Siman 371, in the Chabad sensibility. Each point refers to its seif of the Rav, in the order of the text.

For the Chabad Chassid — Siman 371

  • ① A dwelling without its owner: it does not prohibit in the courtyard, and one may carry from it into a courtyard whose residents made an eruv among themselves. One who left his house and went with all the members of his household to spend Shabbos in another courtyard, even an adjacent one, without intending to return on Shabbos, does not prohibit the residents of his courtyard if they made an eruv among themselves, even though he did not make the eruv with them; and they may carry from his house into the courtyard (371:1). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:1.
  • ② If he returns on Shabbos: if he left while it was still day, with no intention of returning on Shabbos, and changed his mind and returned on Shabbos, he does not prohibit; if he left after nightfall, he prohibits when he returns (371:1). For one who returns, consult your Rav (what the commentators on the Mechaber write about it is in section 2, point ב). The case of a non-Jew who left his house is referred to Siman 383. See section 2, points ב and ג. Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:1.
  • ③ The house of one from the marketplace: one who had a house in a courtyard in which he did not live, and had not made the eruv there, left it at his death to one of the residents of the courtyard: if he died while it was still day, the heir does not prohibit, for his eruv also permits the inherited house; if he died after nightfall, the heir prohibits the residents and may not himself carry in the courtyard, whether from his own house or from this one, even if he made the eruv with them and even if he has not yet entered this house (371:2). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:2.
  • ④ A resident who died on Shabbos: he left no members of his household in his house. If he had made the eruv, the heir from the marketplace does not prohibit, even if he enters to live there on Shabbos, provided that the deceased was not dying while it was still day. If he had not made the eruv: the heir from the marketplace does not prohibit as long as he does not come to live there, and prohibits if he comes on Shabbos; the heir who lives in another house of the courtyard prohibits even before entering, and even if he made the eruv for his own house; but if he lived in this house with the deceased and gave for the eruv from what is his for this house, this is effective. And if the deceased died while it was still day, the heir from the marketplace, who does not make the eruv with them, prohibits if he enters to live there on Shabbos, even if the deceased had made the eruv in his lifetime (371:3). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:3.
  • ⑤ A Jew and a convert: they had made the eruv together. If the convert died while it was still day, the other Jew who takes possession of his property prohibits, even if he took possession only after nightfall, until he renounces his domain, like any heir (the Rav refers to Siman 381); if the convert died after nightfall, the one who takes possession does not prohibit, provided that the convert was not dying while it was still day (371:4). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:4.
  • ⑥ One who is dying: a resident of the courtyard who is dying prohibits, even though he cannot survive that day, until they transfer to him [a share] in bread and make the eruv on his behalf; if he dies on Shabbos, one does not say of him that Shabbos remains permitted: the resident of the courtyard who did not make the eruv with them and inherits from him prohibits even before entering, and one from the marketplace who inherits from him prohibits if he enters (371:5). If he dies on Shabbos, consult your Rav (what the commentators on the Mechaber write about it is in section 2, point ה). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:5.
  • ⑦ A minor and a guest: a minor prohibits, even though he cannot eat an olive's volume; a guest does not prohibit — the Rav refers to Siman 370 (371:6). Reference: Shulchan Aruch HaRav 371:6.

⚠ This section presents the Chabad halachic conduct. For any concrete question: consult your Rav.