Siman 158 — Those who serve idolatry, and saving them from death
Two seifim — the Shulchan Arukh announces it itself: ובו ב׳ סעיפים. Seif 1 does not open with a rule but with a definition, bounded four times; seif 2 puts its verb in the past. A grave subject: this study sets out what the sources write, with their references, and refers to the Rav (Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 158 — 2 seifim)
עובדי עבודת כוכבים מז׳ עממין שאין בינינו וביניהם מלחמה
Those who serve idolatry, of the seven nations, between whom and us there is no war. The seif does not open with a rule but with a definition, and that definition already carries two boundaries. Two more follow at once: the land of Israel, and the era when most of its fields belonged to Israel.
Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 158:1
The 4 levels of study
LEVEL 01
רמת המתחיל
Base — Beginner & Intermediate
Hebrew text of the two seifim with English translation. The boundaries of seif 1, the rule and its exception, the clause that restricts it, then seif 2 and the Rama’s gloss — with the beraita of Avodah Zarah, Tosafot, the Rambam, the Tur, the Beit Yosef, and the Shach, the Taz, the Nekudot HaKesef, the Pitchei Teshuvah and the Baer Hetev in full.
In-depth study: the meaning of לא מורידין in three positions, the Taz’s distinction בידים / סיבוב against the Bach, the regime of איבה from the Tur to the Ramban, and the four words of seif 2.
A master table of the two seifim clause by clause, the reflex questions, the central dispute in three positions, the golden rules and the classic pitfalls.
The presentation of the ruling — and nothing more: every section ends by referring to the Rav. Note: the Admur HaZaken wrote no Shulchan Arukh on Yoreh De'ah — a level of ruling, not “Daat HaRav”.